Pathophysiological microenvironments in oral candidiasis DOI Creative Commons
Mette Rose Jørgensen

Apmis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 4, 2024

Oral candidiasis (OC), a prevalent opportunistic infection of the oral mucosa, presents considerable health challenge, particularly in individuals with compromised immune responses, advanced age, and local predisposing conditions. A part population carries Candida cavity, but only few develop OC. Therefore, pathogenesis OC may depend on factors other than attributes fungus, such as host factors. Mucosal trauma inflammation compromise epithelial integrity, fostering conducive environment for fungal invasion. Molecular insights into immunocompromised state reveal dysregulation innate adaptive immunity, creating permissive proliferation. Detailed examination species (spp.) their virulence uncovers nuanced understanding beyond traditional C. albicans focus, which embrace diverse spp. strategies, influencing adhesion, invasion, evasion, biofilm formation. Understanding pathophysiological microenvironments is crucial development targeted therapeutic interventions. This review aims to unravel focusing microbial, host, factors, considers resistance antifungal therapy. The comprehensive approach offers refined perspective OC, seeking briefly identify potential targets future effective management.

Language: Английский

Old and new strategies in therapy and diagnosis against fungal infections DOI Creative Commons
Tania Vanzolini, Mauro Magnani

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 108(1)

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

Abstract Fungal infections represent a serious global health threat. The new emerging pathogens and the spread of different forms resistance are now hardly challenging tools available in therapy diagnostics. With commonly used diagnoses, fungal identification is often slow inaccurate, and, on other hand, some drugs currently as treatments significantly affected by decrease susceptibility. Herein, antifungal arsenal critically summarized. Besides describing old approaches their mechanisms, advantages, limitations, focus dedicated to innovative strategies which designed, identified, developed take advantage discrepancies between host cells. Relevant pathways role survival virulence discussed suitability sources targets. In similar way, molecules with activity reported potential agents/precursors next generation antimycotics. Particular attention was devoted biotechnological entities, novelty reliability, drug repurposing restoration, combinatorial applications yielding significant improvements efficacy. Key points • New agents targets needed limit morbidity mortality. Therapeutics diagnostics suffer delays innovation lack Biologics, combinations future treatments.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Mechanisms of antifungal resistance and developments in alternative strategies to combat Candida albicans infection DOI
Kajal Sharma,

Prashant Kumar Parmanu,

M. Sharma

et al.

Archives of Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 206(3)

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Exploring the frontiers of therapeutic breadth of antifungal peptides: A new avenue in antifungal drugs DOI Creative Commons
Ihtisham Ul Haq, Sajida Maryam, Divine Yufetar Shyntum

et al.

Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The growing prevalence of fungal infections alongside rising resistance to antifungal drugs poses a significant challenge public health safety. At the close 2000s, major pharmaceutical firms began scale back on antimicrobial research due repeated setbacks and diminished economic gains, leaving only smaller companies labs pursue new solutions. Among various natural sources explored for novel compounds, peptides (AFPs) emerge as particularly promising. Despite their potential, AFPs receive less focus than antibacterial counterparts. These have been sourced extensively from nature, including plants, animals, insects, especially bacteria fungi. Furthermore, with advancements in recombinant biotechnology computational biology, can also be synthesized lab settings, facilitating peptide production. are noted wide-ranging efficacy, vitro vivo safety, ability combat biofilms. They distinguished by high specificity, minimal toxicity cells, reduced likelihood development. This review aims comprehensively cover AFPs, sources-both synthetic-their biofilm-fighting capabilities laboratory real-world action mechanisms, current status AFP research.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Immunological correlates of protection mediated by a whole organism, Cryptococcus neoformans , vaccine deficient in chitosan DOI Creative Commons
Charles A. Specht, Ruiying Wang, Lorena V. N. Oliveira

et al.

mBio, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(8)

Published: Aug. 14, 2024

ABSTRACT The global burden of infections due to the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus is substantial in persons with low CD4 + T-cell counts. Previously, we deleted three chitin deacetylase genes from neoformans create a chitosan-deficient, avirulent strain, designated as cda1∆2∆3∆ , which, when used vaccine, protected mice challenge virulent C. strain KN99. Here, explored immunological basis for protection. Vaccine-mediated protection was maintained lacking B cells or CD8 T cells. In contrast, lost α/β Moreover, vaccinated conferred upon adoptive transfer naive mice. Importantly, while monoclonal antibody-mediated depletion just prior vaccination resulted complete loss protection, significant retained depleted after but challenge. genetically deficient interferon-γ (IFNγ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-23p19. A robust influx leukocytes and IFNγ- TNFα-expressing seen lungs challenged Finally, higher level IFNγ production by lung stimulated ex vivo correlated lower fungal lungs. Thus, are dispensable, have overlapping roles generating protective immunity vaccination. However, once vaccinated, becomes less dependent on cells, suggesting strategy vaccinating HIV IMPORTANCE responsible >100,000 deaths annually, mostly impaired function such AIDS. There no approved human vaccines. We previously created engineered . When protects against subsequent strain. defined components immune system vaccine-mediated found that were dispensible, cytokines IFNγ, TNFα, IL-23. cytokine-producing following infection. vaccination, protect who at risk future dysfunction.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Pathophysiological microenvironments in oral candidiasis DOI Creative Commons
Mette Rose Jørgensen

Apmis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 4, 2024

Oral candidiasis (OC), a prevalent opportunistic infection of the oral mucosa, presents considerable health challenge, particularly in individuals with compromised immune responses, advanced age, and local predisposing conditions. A part population carries Candida cavity, but only few develop OC. Therefore, pathogenesis OC may depend on factors other than attributes fungus, such as host factors. Mucosal trauma inflammation compromise epithelial integrity, fostering conducive environment for fungal invasion. Molecular insights into immunocompromised state reveal dysregulation innate adaptive immunity, creating permissive proliferation. Detailed examination species (spp.) their virulence uncovers nuanced understanding beyond traditional C. albicans focus, which embrace diverse spp. strategies, influencing adhesion, invasion, evasion, biofilm formation. Understanding pathophysiological microenvironments is crucial development targeted therapeutic interventions. This review aims to unravel focusing microbial, host, factors, considers resistance antifungal therapy. The comprehensive approach offers refined perspective OC, seeking briefly identify potential targets future effective management.

Language: Английский

Citations

6