The deteriorating soma and the indispensable germline: gamete senescence and offspring fitness DOI Open Access
Pat Monaghan, Neil B. Metcalfe

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 286(1917), P. 20192187 - 20192187

Published: Dec. 18, 2019

The idea that there is an impenetrable barrier separates the germline and soma has shaped much thinking in evolutionary biology many other disciplines. However, recent research revealed so-called ‘Weismann Barrier’ leaky, information transferred from to germline. Moreover, itself now known age, be influenced by age-related deterioration of houses protects it. This could reduce likelihood successful reproduction old individuals, but also lead long-term deleterious consequences for any offspring they do produce (including a shortened lifespan). Here, we review evidence diverse multidisciplinary literature senescence its consequences; examine underlying mechanisms responsible, emphasizing changes mutation rate, telomere loss, impaired mitochondrial function gametes. We consider effect on life-history evolution, particularly reproductive scheduling mate choice. Throughout, draw attention unresolved issues, new questions consider, areas where more needed. highlight need comparative approach would reveal diversity processes organisms have evolved slow or halt deterioration.

Language: Английский

Advances in epigenetics link genetics to the environment and disease DOI Open Access
Giacomo Cavalli, Édith Heard

Nature, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 571(7766), P. 489 - 499

Published: July 1, 2019

Language: Английский

Citations

1207
Epigenetics in Human Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes DOI Creative Commons
Charlotte Ling, Tina Rönn

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 29(5), P. 1028 - 1044

Published: April 11, 2019

Epigenetic mechanisms control gene activity and the development of an organism. The epigenome includes DNA methylation, histone modifications, RNA-mediated processes, disruption this balance may cause several pathologies contribute to obesity type 2 diabetes (T2D). This Review summarizes epigenetic signatures obtained from human tissues relevance for metabolism-i.e., adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, pancreatic islets, liver, blood-in relation T2D. Although research field is still young, these comprehensive data support not only a role epigenetics in disease development, but also alterations as response disease. Genetic predisposition, well aging, variability, environmental factors, including exercise diet, further interact with epigenome. reversible nature modifications holds promise future therapeutic strategies

Language: Английский

Citations

739
The Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Ecosystems and Reliant Human Communities DOI Open Access
Scott C. Doney, D. Shallin Busch, Sarah R. Cooley

et al.

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 45(1), P. 83 - 112

Published: June 25, 2020

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, from fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, along with agriculture land-use practices are causing wholesale increases in seawater CO2 inorganic levels; reductions pH; alterations acid-base chemistry of estuarine, coastal, surface open-ocean waters. On the basis laboratory experiments field studies naturally elevated marine environments, widespread biological impacts human-driven ocean acidification have been posited, ranging changes organism physiology population dynamics to altered communities ecosystems. Acidification, conjunction other climate change–related environmental stresses, particularly under future change further potentially puts at risk many valuable ecosystem services that provides society, such as fisheries, aquaculture, shoreline protection. Thisreview emphasizes both current scientific understanding knowledge gaps, highlighting directions for research recognizing information needs policymakers stakeholders.

Language: Английский

Citations

543
Molecular mechanisms of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance DOI
Maximilian Fitz-James, Giacomo Cavalli

Nature Reviews Genetics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(6), P. 325 - 341

Published: Jan. 4, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

374
Piwi/PRG-1 Argonaute and TGF-β Mediate Transgenerational Learned Pathogenic Avoidance DOI Creative Commons
Rebecca S. Moore, Rachel Kaletsky, Coleen T. Murphy

et al.

Cell, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 177(7), P. 1827 - 1841.e12

Published: June 1, 2019

Language: Английский

Citations

263
Biological embedding of experience: A primer on epigenetics DOI Open Access
Maria J. Aristizabal, Ina Anreiter, Thorhildur Halldorsdottir

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 117(38), P. 23261 - 23269

Published: Oct. 17, 2019

Biological embedding occurs when life experience alters biological processes to affect later health and well-being. Although extensive correlative data exist supporting the notion that epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation underlie embedding, causal are lacking. We describe specific their potential roles in of experience. also consider nuanced relationships between genome, epigenome, gene expression. Our ability connect landscape its complexity is challenging complicated by influence multiple factors. These include cell type, age, timing experience, sex, sequence. Recent advances molecular profiling epigenome editing, combined with use comparative animal human longitudinal studies, should enable this field transition from analyses.

Language: Английский

Citations

219
Sperm RNA code programmes the metabolic health of offspring DOI
Yunfang Zhang, Junchao Shi, Minoo Rassoulzadegan

et al.

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 15(8), P. 489 - 498

Published: June 24, 2019

Language: Английский

Citations

209
Transgenerational inheritance: how impacts to the epigenetic and genetic information of parents affect offspring health DOI
Miguel J. Xavier, Shaun D. Roman, R. John Aitken

et al.

Human Reproduction Update, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 25(5), P. 519 - 541

Published: April 8, 2019

A defining feature of sexual reproduction is the transmission genomic information from both parents to offspring. There now compelling evidence that inheritance such genetic accompanied by additional epigenetic marks, or stable heritable not accounted for variations in DNA sequence. The reversible nature marks coupled with multiple rounds reprogramming erase majority existing patterns have made investigation this phenomenon challenging. However, continual advances molecular methods are allowing closer examination dynamic alterations histone composition and methylation accompany development and, particular, how these modifications can occur an individual's germline be transmitted following generation. While underlying mechanisms permit form transgenerational remain unclear, it increasingly apparent a combination plays major roles determining phenotypes individuals their offspring.Information pertaining was systematically reviewed focusing primarily on mammalian cells exclusion plants, due inherent differences means which between generations. effects environmental factors biological processes were determine contribution modulating inheritable phenotypes.Articles indexed PubMed searched using keywords related inheritance, modifications, paternal maternal traits influencing modifications. We sought clarify role events during life cycle mammals provide comprehensive review epigenomic make-up progenitors may phenotype its descendants.We found strong supporting patterns, even non-protein-coding RNA altering producing offspring, humans rodent species. Multiple domains several modification sites resist demethylation endure genome-wide events. Epigenetic integrated into genome shown modulate gene expression activity at enhancer promoter domains, while mutations alter sequence availability binding. Fundamentally, nuclear response factors, ageing, diet toxicant exposure potential become hereditably transmitted.The environment influences health well-being progeny working through introduce spontaneous as well variety changes, including status post-translational histones. In evolutionary terms, changes create phenotypic diversity fuels fires natural selection. rather than being adaptive, variation also generate plethora pathological disease states ranging dominant disorders neurological conditions, schizophrenia autism.

Language: Английский

Citations

195
Human sperm displays rapid responses to diet DOI Creative Commons
Daniel Nätt,

Unn Kugelberg,

Eduard Casas

et al.

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17(12), P. e3000559 - e3000559

Published: Dec. 26, 2019

The global rise in obesity and steady decline sperm quality are two alarming trends that have emerged during recent decades. In parallel, evidence from model organisms shows paternal diet can affect offspring metabolic health a process involving tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA). Here, we report human acutely sensitive to nutrient flux, both terms of motility changes tsRNA. Over the course 2-week intervention, which first introduced healthy followed by rich sugar, increased stabilized at high levels. Small RNA-seq on repeatedly sampled same individuals revealed tsRNAs were up-regulated eating high-sugar for just 1 week. Unsupervised clustering identified independent pathways biogenesis these tsRNAs: one novel class fragments with specific cleavage T-loop mature nuclear tRNAs other exclusively mitochondrial tsRNAs. Mitochondrial involvement was further supported similar up-regulation rRNA-derived (rsRNA). Notably, sugar-sensitive tsRNA positively associated simultaneous negatively an clinical cohort. This rapid response dietary intervention is attuned intergenerational responses found organisms. More importantly, our findings suggest shared diet-sensitive mechanisms between tsRNA, provide insights about interplay nutrition male reproductive health.

Language: Английский

Citations

165
Transgenerational inheritance of acquired epigenetic signatures at CpG islands in mice DOI Creative Commons
Yuta Takahashi,

Mariana Morales Valencia,

Yang Yu

et al.

Cell, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 186(4), P. 715 - 731.e19

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

146