Prenatal androgen exposure and transgenerational susceptibility to polycystic ovary syndrome

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 25(12), P. 1894 - 1904

Published: Dec. 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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Role of epigenetic transgenerational inheritance in generational toxicology

Current Zoology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Abstract Many environmental toxicants have been shown to be associated with the transgenerational inheritance of increased disease susceptibility. This review describes generational toxicity some these chemicals and their role in induction epigenetic disease. Epigenetic factors include DNA methylation, histone modifications, retention histones sperm, changes chromatin structure, expression non-coding RNAs. For toxicant-induced occur, exposure a toxicant must result germ cells (sperm or eggs) since it is that carry molecular information subsequent generations. In addition, induced generation animals cause alterations gene animals’ somatic cells. cases toxicology, negligible are seen directly exposed generations, but rates descendants. Governmental policies regulating should take effects into account. A new approach takes consideration will needed protect our future populations.

Language: Английский

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Age-associated epigenetic changes in mammalian sperm: implications for offspring health and development

Human Reproduction Update, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(1), P. 24 - 44

Published: Aug. 24, 2022

Abstract BACKGROUND Modern reproductive behavior in most developed countries is characterized by delayed parenthood. Older gametes are generally less fertile, accumulating and compounding the effects of varied environmental exposures that modified lifestyle factors. Clinicians primarily concerned with advanced maternal age, while influence paternal age on fertility, early development offspring health remains underappreciated. There a growing trend to use assisted technologies for couples age. Thus, number children born from older increasing. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE We review studies reporting age-associated epigenetic changes mammals humans sperm, including DNA methylation, histone modifications non-coding RNAs. The interplay between environment, ART age-related signatures explored. focus association sperm epigenetics phenotype events embryos offspring. SEARCH METHODS Peer-reviewed original articles over last two decades were selected using PubMed Web Science this narrative review. Searches performed adopting groups main terms. first group included ‘advanced age’, ‘paternal ‘postponed fatherhood’, ‘late ‘old fatherhood’ second ‘sperm epigenetics’, ‘sperm’, ‘semen’, ’epigenetic’, ‘inheritance’, ‘DNA methylation’, ‘chromatin’, ‘non-coding RNA’, ‘assisted reproduction’, ‘epigenetic clock’. OUTCOMES Age powerful factor rodent models associated increased de novo mutations epigenome. affects all known mechanisms, profiles small (snc)RNA. While methylation investigated, there controversy about direction age-dependent differentially hypo- or hypermethylated regions Successful human clock based cross-sectional data four different methods analysis indicates at least some CpG exhibit linear relationship levels Rodent show significant overlap genes regulated through methylated targeted sncRNA. Both mechanisms target gene networks enriched embryo developmental, neurodevelopmental, growth metabolic pathways. epigenome cannot be described as stochastic accumulation random epimutations may linked autism spectrum disorders. Chemical techniques affect aging sperm. Although erased mammalian embryo, evidence an altered due father’s time. It has been hypothesized age-induced profound, physiological dynamic years, yet stable days months, likely irreversible. WIDER IMPLICATIONS This raises concern fatherhood compromise fathers transfer information subsequent generations. Prospective healthy males consider confounders recommended. suggest broader discussion focused regulation natural conceptions needed. professional community should informed raise awareness population when counseling men.

Language: Английский

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Bioactive food compounds, epigenetics and chronic disease prevention: Focus on early-life interventions with polyphenols

Food Research International, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 125, P. 108646 - 108646

Published: Aug. 24, 2019

Language: Английский

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The role and mechanisms of DNA methylation in the oocyte

Essays in Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 63(6), P. 691 - 705

Published: Nov. 29, 2019

Abstract Epigenetic information in the mammalian oocyte has potential to be transmitted next generation and influence gene expression; this occurs naturally case of imprinted genes. Therefore, it is important understand how epigenetic patterned during development growth. Here, we review current state knowledge de novo DNA methylation mechanisms oocyte: a distinctive gene-body pattern created, extent which machinery reads chromatin states. Recent epigenomic studies building on advances ultra-low input profiling methods, coupled with genetic studies, have started allow detailed interrogation interplay between establishment states; however, full mechanistic description awaits.

Language: Английский

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Assessment of the Emerging Threat Posed by Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances to Male Reproduction in Humans

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 9, 2022

Per-fluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a diverse group of synthetic fluorinated chemicals used widely in industry consumer products. Due to their extensive use chemical stability, PFAS ubiquitous environmental contaminants as such, form an emerging risk factor for male reproductive health. The long half-lives is particular concern the propensity accumulate biological systems prolong time taken excretion, taking years many cases. Accordingly, there mounting evidence supporting negative association between exposure array human health conditions. However, inconsistencies among epidemiological experimental findings have hindered ability definitively link outcomes specific exposure. This situation highlights requirement further investigation identification reliable models that can inform risks, allowing sensitive assessment spectrum effects on humans. Here, we review literature exposure, with focus reproduction, owing its utility sentinel marker general Indeed, infertility has increasingly been shown serve early indicator range co-morbidities such coronary, inflammatory, metabolic diseases. It follows adverse associations established incidence testicular dysfunction, including pathologies cancer reduction semen quality. We also give consideration mechanisms render tract vulnerable mediated damage, discuss novel remediation strategies mitigate impact contamination and/or ameliorate load exposed individuals.

Language: Английский

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Present and future challenges for the investigation of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance

Environment International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 172, P. 107776 - 107776

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

Epigenetic pathways are essential in different biological processes and phenotype-environment interactions response to stressors they can induce phenotypic plasticity. They encompass several that mitotically and, some cases, meiotically heritable, so be transferred subsequent generations via the germline. Transgenerational Inheritance (TEI) describes phenomenon traits, such as changes fertility, metabolic function, or behavior, induced by environmental factors (e.g., parental care, pathogens, pollutants, climate change), offspring epigenetic mechanisms. Investigations on TEI contribute deciphering role of mechanisms adaptation, adversity, evolution. However, molecular underlying transmission between generations, downstream chain events leading persistent changes, remain unclear. Therefore, inter-, (transmission information generation direct exposure) transgenerational through with disappearance triggering factor) consequences modifications major issues field modern biology. In this article, we review describe gaps still encountered field: general challenges faced research; key inheritance processes; identifying relevant drivers for implement a collaborative multi-disciplinary approach study TEI. Finally, provide suggestions how overcome these ultimately able identify specific contribution epigenetics use correct tools science investigation biomarkers identification.

Language: Английский

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What is driving the global decline of human fertility? Need for a multidisciplinary approach to the underlying mechanisms

Frontiers in Reproductive Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: April 25, 2024

An intense period of human population expansion over the past 250 years is about to cease. Total fertility rates are falling dramatically all world such that highly industrialized nations, including China and tiger economies SE Asia, will see their populations decline significantly in coming decades. The socioeconomic, geopolitical environmental ramifications this change considerable invite a multidisciplinary consideration underlying mechanisms. In short-term, socioeconomic factors, particularly urbanization delayed childbearing powerful drivers reduced fertility. parallel, lifestyle factors as obesity presence numerous reproductive toxicants environment, air-borne pollutants, nanoplastics electromagnetic radiation, seriously compromising health. longer term, it hypothesized reduction family size accompanies demographic transition decrease selection pressure on high genes leading progressive loss fecundity. Paradoxically, uptake assisted technologies at scale, may also contribute fecundity by encouraging retention poor genotypes within population. Since rate appears be ubiquitous, public health implications for our species potentially devastating.

Language: Английский

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Sex and sex steroids as determinants of cardiovascular risk

Steroids, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 206, P. 109423 - 109423

Published: April 16, 2024

Language: Английский

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Disturbed genomic imprinting and its relevance for human reproduction: causes and clinical consequences

Human Reproduction Update, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 197 - 213

Published: Feb. 17, 2020

Human reproductive issues affecting fetal and maternal health are caused by numerous exogenous endogenous factors, of which the latter undoubtedly include genetic changes. Pathogenic variants in either or offspring DNA associated with effects on including clinical disorders nonviable outcomes. Conversely, both factors can affect during pregnancy. Recently, it has become evident that mammalian reproduction is influenced genomic imprinting, an epigenetic phenomenon regulates expression genes according to their parent from whom they inherited. About 1% human normally expressed only maternally paternally inherited gene copy. Since imprinted involved (embryonic) growth development, disturbance balanced adversely these processes.This review summarises current our understanding imprinting relation ontogenesis pregnancy its relevance for medicine.Literature databases (Pubmed, Medline) were thoroughly searched role failure. In particular, terms 'multilocus disturbances, SCMC, NLRP/NALP, reproduction' used various combinations.A range molecular changes specific groups disorders, i.e. syndromes recognisable features distinctive prenatal features. Whereas majority affected individuals exhibit alterations at single loci, some have multi-locus disturbances (MLID) less predictable Imprinting also seen outcomes, such as (recurrent) hydatidiform moles, therefore be regarded a severe form disorders. There growing evidence MLID genome altering status oocyte embryo, effect mutations. Pregnancies women carrying mutations different courses, ranging miscarriages birth children disorders.Increasing consequences significant impacts diagnostics, counselling management context reproduction. Defining criteria identifying pregnancies complicated facilitates early diagnosis personalised mother offspring. Identifying lesions underlying (e.g. mutations) allows targeted family focused medical care further pregnancies.

Language: Английский

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