Advances in Defect Engineering of Metal Oxides for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction DOI Creative Commons
Kang Zhong, Peipei Sun, Hui Xu

et al.

Small, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 30, 2024

Abstract Photocatalytic CO 2 reduction technology, capable of converting low‐density solar energy into high‐density chemical energy, stands as a promising approach to alleviate the crisis and achieve carbon neutrality. Semiconductor metal oxides, characterized by their abundant reserves, good stability, easily tunable structures, have found extensive applications in field photocatalysis. However, wide bandgap inherent oxides contributes poor efficiency photocatalytic reduction. Defect engineering presents an effective strategy address these challenges. This paper reviews research progress defect enhance performance summarizing classifications, preparation methods, characterization techniques. The focus is on engineering, represented vacancies doping, for improving oxide photocatalysts. includes advancements expanding photoresponse range, enhancing photogenerated charge separation, promoting molecule activation. Finally, provides summary current issues challenges faced along with prospective outlook future development technology.

Language: Английский

The burden of heat-related mortality attributable to recent human-induced climate change DOI
Ana M. Vicedo‐Cabrera, Noah Scovronick, Francesco Sera

et al.

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 492 - 500

Published: May 31, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

922
Changing State of the Climate System DOI Creative Commons

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 287 - 422

Published: June 29, 2023

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to content, full PDF via the 'Save PDF' action button.

Language: Английский

Citations

470
Framing, Context, and Methods DOI Creative Commons
Deliang Chen,

Maisa Rojas,

B. H. Samset

et al.

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 147 - 286

Published: June 29, 2023

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to content, full PDF via the 'Save PDF' action button.

Language: Английский

Citations

254
Indicators of Global Climate Change 2022: annual update of large-scale indicators of the state of the climate system and human influence DOI Creative Commons
Piers M. Forster, Chris Smith, Tristram Walsh

et al.

Earth system science data, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 2295 - 2327

Published: June 6, 2023

Abstract. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessments are the trusted source of scientific evidence for climate negotiations taking place under United Nations Framework Convention (UNFCCC), including first global stocktake Paris Agreement that will conclude at COP28 in December 2023. Evidence-based decision-making needs to be informed by up-to-date and timely information key indicators state system human influence system. However, successive IPCC reports published intervals 5–10 years, creating potential an gap between report cycles. We follow methods as close possible those used Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) Working Group One (WGI) report. compile monitoring datasets produce estimates related forcing system: emissions greenhouse gases short-lived forcers, gas concentrations, radiative forcing, surface temperature changes, Earth's energy imbalance, warming attributed activities, remaining carbon budget, extremes. The purpose this effort, grounded open data, science approach, is make annually updated reliable available public domain (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8000192, Smith et al., 2023a). As they traceable methods, can all parties involved UNFCCC help convey wider understanding latest knowledge its direction travel. show human-induced reached 1.14 [0.9 1.4] ∘C averaged over 2013–2022 decade 1.26 [1.0 1.6] 2022. Over period, has been increasing unprecedented rate 0.2 per decade. This high caused a combination being all-time 54 ± 5.3 GtCO2e last decade, well reductions strength aerosol cooling. Despite this, there increases have slowed, depending societal choices, continued series these annual updates critical 2020s could track change climate.

Language: Английский

Citations

184
How does the digital economy improve high-quality energy development? The case of China DOI
Jianda Wang, Bo Wang, Kangyin Dong

et al.

Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 184, P. 121960 - 121960

Published: Aug. 26, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

172
Significant impact of forcing uncertainty in a large ensemble of climate model simulations DOI Creative Commons
John C. Fyfe,

Viatcheslav Kharin,

Benjamin D. Santer

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(23)

Published: May 28, 2021

Significance Climate models are the main tool used to make projections of future climate change inform adaptation and mitigation decisions. Confidence in these rests part on models’ ability reproduce historical variations. Here we use a Earth System Model evaluate role external forcing uncertainty simulations past change. We demonstrate that apparently small differences anthropogenic aerosol applied can have significant impact resulting simulations, as neglect preindustrial volcanic forcings. This points need reduce uncertainties better quantify their physical system, carbon budgets, Paris accord temperature targets.

Language: Английский

Citations

108
Point of Departure and Key Concepts DOI Open Access

Ara Rawshan,

Robert J. Lempert, Elham M. Ali

et al.

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 121 - 196

Published: June 22, 2023

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to content, full PDF via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Language: Английский

Citations

108
FaIRv2.0.0: a generalized impulse response model for climate uncertainty and future scenario exploration DOI Creative Commons
Nicholas Leach, Stuart Jenkins, Zebedee Nicholls

et al.

Geoscientific model development, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 3007 - 3036

Published: May 27, 2021

Abstract. Here we present an update to the FaIR model for use in probabilistic future climate and scenario exploration, integrated assessment, policy analysis, education. In this have focussed on identifying a minimum level of structural complexity model. The result is set six equations, five which correspond standard impulse response used greenhouse gas (GHG) metric calculations IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report, plus one additional physically motivated equation represent state-dependent feedbacks timescales each cycle. This necessary reproduce non-linearities carbon cycle apparent both Earth system models observations. These equations are transparent sufficiently simple that able be ported into tabular data analysis packages, such as Excel, increasing potential user base considerably. However, demonstrate flexible enough tuned emulate behaviour several key processes within more complex from CMIP6. exceptionally quick run, making it ideal integrating large ensembles. We apply constraint based current estimates global warming trend million-member ensemble, using constrained ensemble make scenario-dependent projections infer ranges properties system. Through these analyses, reaffirm (unlike models) not themselves intrinsically biased “hot” or “cold”: choice parameters how those selected determines response, something appears been misunderstood past. updated GHG aerosol emissions with sufficient accuracy useful wide range applications therefore could lowest-common-denominator provide consistency different contexts. fact can written down just greatly aids transparency

Language: Английский

Citations

106
Observationally-constrained projections of an ice-free Arctic even under a low emission scenario DOI Creative Commons
Yeon‐Hee Kim, Seung‐Ki Min, Nathan P. Gillett

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: June 6, 2023

The sixth assessment report of the IPCC assessed that Arctic is projected to be on average practically ice-free in September near mid-century under intermediate and high greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, though not low based simulations from latest generation Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models. Here we show, using an attribution analysis approach, a dominant influence increases sea ice area detectable three observational datasets all months year, but underestimated by CMIP6 By scaling models' response gases best match observed trend approach validated imperfect model test, project scenarios considered. These results emphasize profound impacts Arctic, demonstrate importance planning for adapting seasonally future.

Language: Английский

Citations

106
Indicators of Global Climate Change 2023: annual update of key indicators of the state of the climate system and human influence DOI Creative Commons
Piers M. Forster, Chris Smith, Tristram Walsh

et al.

Earth system science data, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 2625 - 2658

Published: June 4, 2024

Abstract. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessments are the trusted source of scientific evidence for climate negotiations taking place under United Nations Framework Convention (UNFCCC). Evidence-based decision-making needs to be informed by up-to-date and timely information key indicators state system human influence global system. However, successive IPCC reports published at intervals 5–10 years, creating potential an gap between report cycles. We follow methods as close possible those used in Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) Working Group One (WGI) report. compile monitoring datasets produce estimates related forcing system: emissions greenhouse gases short-lived forcers, gas concentrations, radiative forcing, Earth's energy imbalance, surface temperature changes, warming attributed activities, remaining carbon budget, extremes. The purpose this effort, grounded open-data, open-science approach, is make annually updated reliable available public domain (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11388387, Smith et al., 2024a). As they traceable methods, can all parties involved UNFCCC help convey wider understanding latest knowledge its direction travel. show that, 2014–2023 decade average, observed was 1.19 [1.06 1.30] °C, which [1.0 1.4] °C human-induced. For single-year human-induced reached 1.31 [1.1 1.7] 2023 relative 1850–1900. best estimate below 2023-observed record 1.43 [1.32 1.53] indicating a substantial contribution internal variability record. Human-induced has been increasing rate that unprecedented instrumental record, reaching 0.26 [0.2–0.4] per over 2014–2023. This high caused combination net being persistent 53±5.4 Gt CO2e yr−1 last decade, well reductions strength aerosol cooling. Despite this, there increase CO2 slowed compared 2000s, depending societal choices, continued series these annual updates critical 2020s could track change some presented here.

Language: Английский

Citations

83