Pollutant emissions from biomass burning: A review on emission characteristics, environmental impacts, and research perspectives

Particuology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 85, P. 296 - 309

Published: July 28, 2023

Language: Английский

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Achieving health-oriented air pollution control requires integrating unequal toxicities of industrial particles

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Oct. 14, 2023

Protecting human health from fine particulate matter (PM) pollution is the ambitious goal of clean air actions, but current control strategies largely ignore role source-specific PM toxicity. Here, we proposed health-oriented by integrating unequal toxic potencies most polluting industrial PMs. Iron and steel industry (ISI)-emitted PM2.5 exhibit about one order magnitude higher potency than those cement power industries. Compared with mass-based strategy (prioritizing implementation ultralow emission standards in sector), (priority ISI sector) could generate 5.4 times reduction population-weighted potency-adjusted exposure among industries China. Furthermore, marginal abatement cost per unit mass ISI-emitted only a quarter that other two sectors under scenarios. We highlight urgently required to achieve cost-effective reductions risks.

Language: Английский

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Challenges and perspectives of air pollution control in China

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(6)

Published: April 20, 2024

Abstract Air pollution is one of the most challenging environmental issues in world. China has achieved remarkable success improving air quality last decade as a result aggressive control policies. However, average fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) concentration still about six times World Health Organization (WHO) Global Quality Guidelines (AQG) and causing significant human health risks. Extreme emission reductions multiple pollutants are required for to achieve AQG. Here we identify major challenges future improvement propose corresponding strategies. The main include persistently high risk attributed PM pollution, excessively loose standards, coordinated greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions emerging pollutants. To further improve protect health, health-oriented strategy shall be implemented by tightening standards well optimizing reduction pathways based on risks various sources. In meantime, an “one-atmosphere” concept adopted strengthen synergistic GHGs non-combustion sources enhanced.

Language: Английский

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Toxic Potencies of Particulate Matter from Typical Industrial Plants Mediated with Acidity via Metal Dissolution

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 58(15), P. 6736 - 6743

Published: April 2, 2024

Acidity is an important property of particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere, but its association with PM toxicity remains unclear. Here, this study quantitively reports effect acidity level on via pH-control experiments and cellular analysis. Oxidative stress cytotoxicity potencies acidified samples at pH 1–2 were up to 2.8–5.2 2.1–13.2 times higher than those 8–11, respectively. The toxic from real-world smoke plumes 2.3 9.1–18.2 greater 5.6, demonstrating a trend similar that samples. Furthermore, impact was manifested by promoting metal dissolution. dramatic increase 2–3 orders magnitude water-soluble content dominated variation toxicity. significant correlation between sulfate, value, Fe, IC20, EC1.5 (p < 0.05) suggested acidic sulfate could enhance dissolving insoluble metals. findings uncover superficial adverse health outcomes epidemiological research highlight control wet plume emissions mitigate effects acidity.

Language: Английский

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Source differences in the components and cytotoxicity of PM_2.5 from automobile exhaust, coal combustion, and biomass burning contributing to urban aerosol toxicity

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 1345 - 1360

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Abstract. Although air quality guidelines generally use the atmospheric concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) as a metric for pollution evaluation and management, fact cannot be ignored that different particle toxicities are unequal significantly related to their sources chemical compositions. Therefore, judging most harmful source identifying toxic component would helpful optimizing standards prioritizing targeted PM2.5 control strategies protect public health more effectively. Since combustions fuels, including oil, coal, biomass, main anthropogenic environmental PM2.5, discrepant contributions risks mixed ambient aerosol dominated by respective emission intensity toxicity components need identified. In order quantify differences between these combustion primary emissions, 10 types from each typical group, i.e., vehicle exhaust, coal combustion, plant biomass (domestic biofuel) burning, were collected comparative study with toxicological mechanisms. total, 30 individual samples intercompared representative urban samples, whose characteristics biological effects investigated analysis (carbon, metals, soluble ions) in vitro assays (cell viability, oxidative stress, inflammatory response) human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (A549). Carbonaceous fractions plenteous automobile exhaust while heavy metals plentiful exhaust. The overall ranking mass-normalized cytotoxicity source-specific was > domestic burning air, possibly differential triggers, showed carbonaceous (organic carbon, OC; elemental EC) redox-active transition (V, Ni, Cr) assisted water-soluble ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, F−, Cl−) might play important roles inducing cellular reactive organic species (ROS) production, causing stress inflammation, resulting cell injury apoptosis, thus damaging health. Coupled apportionment results eastern China, reducing will greatly beneficial addition measures have been implemented, like strengthening standards, switching energy gas electricity, controlling open incineration agricultural straws, further methods could considered, especially preferentially diesel lessening replacement low-ash clean coals, depressing rural crop straw emissions.

Language: Английский

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PM _2.5 exposure contributes to anxiety and depression-like behaviors via phenyl-containing compounds interfering with dopamine receptor

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(21)

Published: May 13, 2024

As a global problem, fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) really needs local fixes. Considering the increasing epidemiological relevance to anxiety and depression but inconsistent toxicological results, most important question is clarify whether how PM causally contributes these mental disorders which components are dangerous for crucial mitigation in particular place. In present study, we chronically subjected male mice real-world exposure system throughout winter heating period coal combustion area revealed that caused depression-like behaviors adults such as restricted activity, diminished exploratory interest, enhanced repetitive stereotypy, elevated acquired immobility, through behavioral tests including open field, plus maze, marble-burying, forced swimming tests. Importantly, found dopamine signaling was perturbed using mRNA transcriptional profile bioinformatics analysis, with Drd1 potential target. Subsequently, developed expression-directed multifraction isolating nontarget identifying framework identified total of 209 compounds organic extracts capable reducing expression. Furthermore, by applying hierarchical characteristic fragment analysis molecular docking dynamics simulation, clarified phenyl-containing competitively bound DRD1 interfered signaling, thereby contributing disorders. Taken together, this work provides experimental evidence researchers clinicians identify hazardous factors prevent adverse health outcomes governments municipalities control source emissions diminishing specific disease burdens.

Language: Английский

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Global health costs of ambient PM2·5 from combustion sources: a modelling study supporting air pollution control strategies

The Lancet Planetary Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(7), P. e476 - e488

Published: July 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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From smoke to smiles: Quantifying the happiness benefits of household cooking energy transition

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 368, P. 122203 - 122203

Published: Aug. 16, 2024

Language: Английский

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Unpacking the factors contributing to changes in PM2.5-associated mortality in China from 2013 to 2019

Environment International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 184, P. 108470 - 108470

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

From 2013 to 2019, a series of air pollution control actions significantly reduced PM2.5 in China. Control included changes activity levels, structural adjustment (SA) policy, energy and material saving (EMS) end-of-pipe (EOP) several sources, which have not been systematically studied previous studies. Here, we integrate an emission inventory, chemical transport model, health impact assessment scenario analysis quantify the contribution each action across range major sources concentrations associated mortality China from 2019. Assuming equal toxicity all estimate that PM2.5-related decreased 2.52 (95% confidence interval, 2.13–2.88) 1.94 (1.62–2.24) million deaths. Anthropogenic reductions declining baseline incidence rates contributed benefits, but population aging partially offset their impact. Among controls on power plants industrial boilers were responsible for highest reduction (∼80%), followed by processes (∼40%), residential combustion transportation (∼30%). However, considering potentially higher relative risks plant PM2.5, adverse effects avoided could be ∼2.4 times current estimation. Our sensitivity analyses indicate future estimates source-specific should incorporate variations individual source effect coefficients when available. As actions, while levels increased most SA policy emissions boilers, EOP dominated benefits except combustion. Considering potential our results suggest promoting clean enforcing more stringent iron steel industry prioritized future.

Language: Английский

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Variable Valence State of Trace Elements Regulating Toxic Potencies of Inorganic Particulate Matter

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 223 - 229

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

Trace element is known to be one major component in determining particulate matter (PM) toxicities. However, there still no accurate assessment of the toxic potency mixed valences. Here, we reported oxidative stress and cytotoxicity potencies 14 trace elements their various valence states estimated gaps inorganic PM resulting from variations Substantial discrepancies up 3 orders magnitude were observed among different When considering abundance PM, toxicity are range 5 6 times between greatest weakest emitted industrial sources, with iron contributing 65.5%–91.0% overall gaps. Furthermore, relative variation shows a significant correlation additive toxicities Fe(II) Fe(III) ions during aging process. The finding highlights that multiple coexisting need taken into account when estimating potencies.

Language: Английский

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