Climate change increases cross-species viral transmission risk

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 607(7919), P. 555 - 562

Published: April 28, 2022

Language: Английский

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Machine learning and deep learning—A review for ecologists

Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 994 - 1016

Published: Feb. 13, 2023

Abstract The popularity of machine learning (ML), deep (DL) and artificial intelligence (AI) has risen sharply in recent years. Despite this spike popularity, the inner workings ML DL algorithms are often perceived as opaque, their relationship to classical data analysis tools remains debated. Although it is assumed that excel primarily at making predictions, can also be used for analytical tasks traditionally addressed with statistical models. Moreover, most discussions reviews on focus mainly DL, failing synthesise wealth different advantages general principles. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview field starting by summarizing its historical developments, existing algorithm families, differences traditional tools, universal We then discuss why when models prediction where they could offer alternatives methods inference, highlighting current emerging applications ecological problems. Finally, summarize trends such scientific causal ML, explainable AI, responsible AI may significantly impact future. conclude powerful new predictive modelling analysis. superior performance compared explained higher flexibility automatic data‐dependent complexity optimization. However, use inference still disputed predictions creates challenges interpretation these Nevertheless, expect become an indispensable tool ecology evolution, comparable other tools.

Language: Английский

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Biological invasions facilitate zoonotic disease emergences

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: April 1, 2022

Outbreaks of zoonotic diseases are accelerating at an unprecedented rate in the current era globalization, with substantial impacts on global economy, public health, and sustainability. Alien species invasions have been hypothesized to be important by introducing both existing novel pathogens invaded ranges. However, few studies evaluated generality alien facilitating zoonoses across multiple host parasite taxa worldwide. Here, we simultaneously quantify role 795 established hosts 10,473 zoonosis events globe since 14

Language: Английский

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Recent developments in the immunopathology of COVID‐19

Allergy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 78(2), P. 369 - 388

Published: Nov. 24, 2022

Abstract There has been an important change in the clinical characteristics and immune profile of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients during pandemic thanks to extensive vaccination programs. Here, we highlight recent studies on COVID‐19, from immunological protective risk factors for severity mortality COVID‐19. The efficacy COVID‐19 vaccines potential allergic reactions after administration are also discussed. occurrence new variants concerns such as Omicron BA.2, BA.4, BA.5 global have changed scenario Multisystem inflammatory syndrome children (MIS‐C) may cause severe heterogeneous but with a lower rate. Perturbations immunity T cells, B mast well autoantibodies metabolic reprogramming contribute long‐term symptoms is conflicting evidence about whether atopic diseases, asthma rhinitis, associated susceptibility better outcomes At beginning pandemic, European Academy Allergy Clinical Immunology (EAACI) developed guidelines that provided timely information management diseases preventive measures reduce transmission clinics. distribution emerging acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) reduced pathogenic dramatically decreased morbidity, severity, Nevertheless, breakthrough infection remains challenge control. Hypersensitivity (HSR) low compared other vaccines, these were addressed EAACI statements indications reactions, including anaphylaxis vaccines. We gained depth knowledge experience over years since start yet full eradication SARS‐CoV‐2 not horizon. Novel strategies warranted prevent high‐risk groups, development MIS‐C long

Language: Английский

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Pathogens and planetary change

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Emerging infectious diseases, biodiversity loss, and anthropogenic environmental change are interconnected crises with massive social ecological costs. In this Review, we discuss how pathogens parasites responding to global change, the implications for pandemic prevention conservation. Ecological evolutionary principles help explain why both pandemics wildlife die-offs becoming more common; land-use loss often followed by an increase in zoonotic vector-borne diseases; some species, such as bats, host so many emerging pathogens. To prevent next pandemic, scientists should focus on monitoring limiting spread of a handful high-risk viruses, especially at key interfaces farms live-animal markets. But address much broader set disease risks associated Anthropocene, decision-makers will need develop comprehensive strategies that include pathogen surveillance across species ecosystems; conservation-based interventions reduce human–animal contact protect health; health system strengthening; improvements epidemic preparedness response. Scientists can contribute these efforts filling gaps data, expanding evidence base disease–driver relationships interventions. This Review explores relationship between diseases connected changes Anthropocene.

Language: Английский

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The Ecology of Viral Emergence

Annual Review of Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 173 - 192

Published: June 15, 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a profound impact on human health, economic well-being, and societal function. It is essential that we use this generational experience to better understand the processes underpin emergence of COVID-19 other zoonotic diseases. Herein, I review mechanisms determine why how viruses emerge in new hosts, as well barriers process. show traditional studies virus have an inherent anthropocentric bias, with humans considered inevitable outcome emergence, when reality are integral components global ecosystem characterized by continual host jumping also transmitting their animals. illustrate these points using coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome 2, case study. outline potential steps can be followed help mitigate prevent future pandemics, combating climate change central component.

Language: Английский

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Worldwide transmission and infection risk of mosquito vectors of West Nile, St. Louis encephalitis, Usutu and Japanese encephalitis viruses: a systematic review

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

Abstract The increasing trend of mosquito-borne pathogens demands more accurate global estimations infection and transmission risks between mosquitoes. Here, we systematically review field laboratory studies to assess the natural experimental risk in Culex We studied four worldwide flaviviruses: West Nile, Usutu, Japanese encephalitis, St. Louis belonging encephalitis Serocomplex (JES). PRISMA statement was carried out for both approaches. Transmission-Infection Risk diverse mosquito species different viruses estimated through seven variables. considered 130 95 articles approach, respectively. identified 30 naturally infected, 23 capable transmit some flaviviruses. For JES, highest estimate recorded quinquefasciatus (North America). maximum Infection-Transmission values Nile restuans , Usutu it pipiens (Europe), America), gelidus (Oceania). conclude that on a scale, combination data offers better way understanding populations.

Language: Английский

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Cross-species transmission, evolution and zoonotic potential of coronaviruses

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

Coronaviruses (CoVs) continuously evolve, crossing species barriers and spreading across host ranges. Over the last two decades, several CoVs (HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2) have emerged in animals mammals, causing significant economic human life losses. Due to CoV cross-species transmission evolution of novel viruses, it is critical identify their natural reservoiurs circumstances under which occurs. In this review, we use genetic ecological data disentangle various wildlife, humans, domestic mammals. We thoroughly investigate outline epidemiology toward specific hosts. also discuss at interface animals, humans. Clarifying diversity reservoirs will significantly impact our ability respond future emergence humans animals.

Language: Английский

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Real‐time genomics for One Health

Molecular Systems Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(8)

Published: June 16, 2023

The ongoing degradation of natural systems and other environmental changes has put our society at a crossroad with respect to future relationship planet. While the concept One Health describes how human health is inextricably linked health, many these complex interdependencies are still not well-understood. Here, we describe advent real-time genomic analyses can benefit it enable timely, in-depth ecosystem assessments. We introduce nanopore sequencing as only disruptive technology that currently allows for already being used worldwide improve accessibility versatility sequencing. showcase studies on zoonotic disease, food security, microbiome, emerging pathogens, their antimicrobial resistances, itself - from resource creation wildlife conservation monitoring biodiversity, invasive species, trafficking. stress why equitable access genomics in context will be paramount discuss related practical, legal, ethical limitations.

Language: Английский

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A Critical Analysis of the Evidence for the SARS-CoV-2 Origin Hypotheses

Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 97(4)

Published: March 10, 2023

When humans experience a new, devastating viral infection such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), significant challenges arise. How should individuals well societies respond to the situation? One of primary questions concerns origin SARS-CoV-2 virus that infected and was transmitted efficiently among humans, resulting in pandemic. At first glance, question appears straightforward answer. However, has been topic substantial debate primarily because we do not have access some relevant data. least two major hypotheses suggested: natural through zoonosis followed by sustained human-to-human spread or introduction into from laboratory source. Here, summarize scientific evidence informs this provide our fellow scientists public with tools join discussion constructive informed manner. Our goal is dissect make it more accessible those interested important problem. The engagement broad representation critical ensure policy-makers can draw on expertise navigating controversy.

Language: Английский

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