A blood–brain barrier overview on structure, function, impairment, and biomarkers of integrity

Fluids and Barriers of the CNS, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Nov. 18, 2020

Abstract The blood–brain barrier is playing a critical role in controlling the influx and efflux of biological substances essential for brain’s metabolic activity as well neuronal function. Thus, functional structural integrity BBB pivotal to maintain homeostasis brain microenvironment. different cells structures contributing developing this are summarized along with functions that plays at brain–blood interface. We also explained shear stress maintaining integrity. Furthermore, we elaborated on clinical aspects correlate between disruption neurological pathological conditions. Finally, discussed several biomarkers can help assess permeability in-vitro or in-vivo briefly explain their advantages disadvantages.

Language: Английский

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Glioblastoma in adults: a Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) and European Society of Neuro-Oncology (EANO) consensus review on current management and future directions

Neuro-Oncology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 22(8), P. 1073 - 1113

Published: April 20, 2020

Abstract Glioblastomas are the most common form of malignant primary brain tumor and an important cause morbidity mortality. In recent years there have been advances in understanding molecular pathogenesis biology these tumors, but this has not translated into significantly improved outcomes for patients. consensus review from Society Neuro-Oncology (SNO) European Association (EANO), current management isocitrate dehydrogenase wildtype (IDHwt) glioblastomas will be discussed. addition, novel therapies such as targeted therapies, agents targeting DNA damage response metabolism, immunotherapies, viral reviewed, well challenges future directions research.

Language: Английский

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The blood–brain barrier: Structure, regulation and drug delivery

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: May 25, 2023

Abstract Blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a natural protective membrane that prevents central nervous system (CNS) from toxins and pathogens in blood. However, the presence of BBB complicates pharmacotherapy for CNS disorders as most chemical drugs biopharmaceuticals have been impeded to enter brain. Insufficient drug delivery into brain leads low therapeutic efficacy well aggravated side effects due accumulation other organs tissues. Recent breakthrough materials science nanotechnology provides library advanced with customized structure property serving powerful toolkit targeted delivery. In-depth research field anatomical pathological study on further facilitates development brain-targeted strategies enhanced crossing. In this review, physiological different cells contributing are summarized. Various emerging permeability regulation crossing including passive transcytosis, intranasal administration, ligands conjugation, coating, stimuli-triggered disruption, overcome obstacle highlighted. Versatile systems ranging organic, inorganic, biologics-derived their synthesis procedures unique physio-chemical properties summarized analyzed. This review aims provide an up-to-date comprehensive guideline researchers diverse fields, offering perspectives system.

Language: Английский

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Applications of focused ultrasound in the brain: from thermoablation to drug delivery

Nature Reviews Neurology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 7 - 22

Published: Oct. 26, 2020

Language: Английский

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Diffuse Glioma Heterogeneity and Its Therapeutic Implications

Cancer Discovery, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 575 - 590

Published: Feb. 8, 2021

Diffuse gliomas represent a heterogeneous group of universally lethal brain tumors characterized by minimally effective genotype-targeted therapies. Recent advances have revealed that remarkable level genetic, epigenetic, and environmental heterogeneity exists within each individual glioma. Together, these interconnected layers intratumoral result in extreme phenotypic at the cellular level, providing for multiple mechanisms therapeutic resistance forming highly adaptable resilient disease. In this review, we discuss how glioma malignant state plasticity drive to existing therapies look future which challenges may be overcome. SIGNIFICANCE: Glioma cell formidable hurdles development novel targeted However, convergence genotypically diverse cells into limited set epigenetically encoded transcriptional states present an opportunity strategy call "State Selective Lethality." approach, (as opposed genetic perturbations/mutations) are subject targeting, plasticity-mediated is minimized through design "trapping agents."

Language: Английский

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Emerging therapies for glioblastoma: current state and future directions

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 41(1)

Published: April 15, 2022

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common high-grade primary malignant brain tumor with an extremely poor prognosis. Given survival currently approved treatments for GBM, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Advances in decades of investment basic science glioblastoma rapidly translated into innovative clinical trials, utilizing improved genetic and epigenetic profiling as well microenvironment immune system interactions. Following these encouraging findings, immunotherapy including checkpoint blockade, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapy, oncolytic virotherapy, vaccine therapy have offered hope improving GBM outcomes; ongoing studies using combinatorial therapies aim minimizing adverse side-effects augmenting antitumor responses. In addition, techniques to overcome blood-brain barrier (BBB) targeted delivery being tested trials patients recurrent GBM. Here, we set forth rationales promising treating review potential novel agents, current status preclinical discuss challenges future perspectives immuno-oncology.

Language: Английский

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Development of Polymeric Nanoparticles for Blood–Brain Barrier Transfer—Strategies and Challenges

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8(10)

Published: March 7, 2021

Neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, and brain cancers are difficult to treat with current drugs their delivery efficacy the is severely hampered by presence of blood-brain barrier (BBB). Drug systems have been extensively explored in recent decades aiming circumvent this barrier. In particular, polymeric nanoparticles shown enormous potentials owing unique properties, high tunability, ease synthesis, control over drug release profile. However, careful analysis performance effective transport across BBB should be performed using clinically relevant testing models. review, nanoparticle for central nervous system discussed an emphasis on effects particle size, shape, surface modifications penetration. Moreover, authors critically analyze vitro vivo models used evaluate penetration efficacy, including latest developments BBB-on-a-chip Finally, challenges future perspectives development combat neurological discussed.

Language: Английский

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Biomedical Micro‐/Nanomotors: From Overcoming Biological Barriers to In Vivo Imaging

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 33(6)

Published: June 24, 2020

Abstract Self‐propelled micro‐ and nanomotors (MNMs) have shown great potential for applications in the biomedical field, such as active targeted delivery, detoxification, minimally invasive diagnostics, nanosurgery, owing to their tiny size, autonomous motion, navigation capacities. To enter clinic, MNMs request biodegradability of manufacturing materials, biocompatibility chemical fuels or externally physical fields, capability overcoming various biological barriers (e.g., biofouling, blood flow, blood–brain barrier, cell membrane), vivo visual positioning navigation. Herein, recent advances synthetic motion‐tracking imaging techniques are highlighted. The challenges future research priorities also addressed. With continued attention innovation, it is believed that, future, will pave way improve drug delivery efficiency.

Language: Английский

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The implications of IDH mutations for cancer development and therapy

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(10), P. 645 - 661

Published: June 15, 2021

Language: Английский

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Fatty acid synthesis is required for breast cancer brain metastasis

Nature Cancer, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(4), P. 414 - 428

Published: April 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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