The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Adult Lip, Oral, and Pharyngeal Cancer in 204 Countries and Territories

JAMA Oncology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(10), P. 1401 - 1401

Published: Sept. 7, 2023

Lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancers are important contributors to cancer burden worldwide, a comprehensive evaluation of their globally, regionally, nationally is crucial for effective policy planning.

Language: Английский

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Human papillomavirus in the setting of immunodeficiency: Pathogenesis and the emergence of next-generation therapies to reduce the high associated cancer risk

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 7, 2023

Human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted virus infecting mucosal or cutaneous stratified epithelia, is implicated in the rising of associated cancers worldwide. While HPV infection can be cleared by an adequate immune response, immunocompromised individuals develop persistent, treatment-refractory, and progressive disease. Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) with HPV-related disease include inborn errors GATA, EVER1/2, CXCR4 mutations, resulting defective cellular function. People living secondary immunodeficiency (e.g. solid-organ transplants recipients immunosuppression) acquired concurrent human (HIV) infection) are also at significant risk Immunocompromised people highly susceptible to development warts, cervical, anogenital oropharyngeal carcinomas. The specific mechanisms underlying high-risk HPV-driven cancer hosts not well understood. Current treatments for surgery adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, clinical trials underway investigate use anti-PD-1 therapy. In setting HIV co-infection, persistent high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia occur despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy, ongoing transformation overt malignancy. Although therapeutic vaccines against under development, efficacy these PID, secondary- acquired- remains unclear. RNA-based targeting genome mRNA transcript has become promising next-generation avenue. this review, we summarise current understanding pathogenesis, evasion, malignant transformation, focus on key PIDs, immunodeficiencies, infection. management vaccine regimes outlined relation cancer, specifically, need more effective strategies hosts. recent advances gene including CRISPR short interfering RNA (siRNA), potential application great interest. An increased both dysregulated responses viral persistence essential design therapies eliminate most at-risk populations.

Language: Английский

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Performance of Liquid Biopsy for Diagnosis and Surveillance of Human Papillomavirus–Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer

JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 149(11), P. 971 - 971

Published: July 9, 2023

Importance There is growing interest in the use of circulating plasma tumor human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA for diagnosis and surveillance patients with HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Recent advances assays, combining identification HPV fragment analysis (tumor tissue–modified viral [TTMV]-HPV DNA), have been shown to be highly accurate. However, these newer techniques has limited small cohort studies clinical trials. Objective To establish efficacy TTMV-HPV testing OPSCC a contemporary setting. Design, Setting, Participants This retrospective observational study included who underwent between April 2020 September 2022 during course routine care. For cohort, at least 1 measurement prior initiation primary therapy were included. Patients if they had test performed after completion definitive or salvage therapy. Main Outcomes Measures Per-test performance metrics, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative testing. Results Of 399 analysis, 163 diagnostic (median [IQR] age, 63 [56-68.5] years; 142 [87.1%] male), 290 [57-70] 237 [81.7%] male). 152 (93.3%) while 11 (6.7%) HPV-negative OPSCC. The sensitivity pretreatment was 91.5% (95% CI, 85.8%-95.4% [139 tests]), specificity 100% 71.5%-100% [11 tests]). In 591 tests conducted evaluated. A total 23 molecularly confirmed pathologic recurrences. demonstrated 88.4% 74.9%-96.1% [38 43 tests]) 99.3%-100% [548 548 detecting Positive value 90.7%-100% 38 99.1% 97.9%-99.7% 553 median (range) lead time from confirmation 47 (0-507) days. Conclusions Relevance that when evaluated setting, assay both surveillance. signifying nearly 10 among false negative. Additional research required validate assay’s and, validated, then further into implementation this standard practice guidelines will required.

Language: Английский

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Epidemiology of HPV-associated cancers past, present and future: towards prevention and elimination

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(7), P. 522 - 538

Published: May 17, 2024

Language: Английский

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Human papillomavirus infection: Epidemiology, biology, host interactions, cancer development, prevention, and therapeutics

Reviews in Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(3)

Published: April 26, 2024

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. It caused by HPV, a DNA virus that infects epithelial cells in various mucous membranes and skin surfaces. HPV can be categorised into high-risk low-risk types based on their association with development certain cancers. High-risk types, such as HPV-16 HPV-18, are known to oncogenic strongly associated cervical, anal, vaginal, vulvar, penile, oropharyngeal These persist body for an extended period and, some cases, lead formation precancerous lesions may progress cancer if left untreated. Low-risk HPV-6 HPV-11, not typically but cause benign conditions like genital warts. Genital warts characterised growth small, cauliflower-like bumps anal areas. Although life-threatening, they discomfort psychological distress. primarily through sexual contact, including oral sex. also non-penetrative activities involve skin-to-skin contact. In addition transmission, vertical transmission from mother child during childbirth possible relatively rare. Prevention includes vaccination safe practices. vaccines, Gardasil Cervarix, highly effective preventing types. vaccines administered adolescents young adults before become active. Safe practices, consistent correct condom use limiting number partners, reduce risk transmission. Diagnosis challenging because often asymptomatic, especially men. women, testing done cervical screening programs, which collection analysis. Abnormal results further diagnostic procedures, colposcopy or biopsy, detect cancerous changes. Overall, prevalent significant implications public health. Vaccination, regular screening, early treatment key strategies burden HPV-related diseases complications. Education awareness about its prevention crucial promoting optimal This study aimed carry out literature review considering several aspects involving infection: Global distribution, prevalence, biology, host interactions, development, prevention, therapeutics, coinfection other viruses, bacteria, head neck squamous cell carcinomas, cancer.

Language: Английский

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Human Papillomavirus and Associated Cancers: A Review

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 680 - 680

Published: April 26, 2024

The human papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted infection in world. Most HPV infections clear spontaneously within 2 years of infection; however, persistent can result a wide array diseases, ranging from genital warts to cancer. cases cervical, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers are due infection, with cervical cancer being one leading causes death women worldwide. Screening available for cancer, but not everywhere, particularly lower-resource settings. disproportionally affects individuals living HIV, resulting decreased clearance, increased development mortality. vaccine has shown drastic decrease HPV-related diseases. prevents near 100% efficacy, if given prior first sexual activity. Vaccination uptake remains low worldwide lack access limited knowledge HPV. Increasing awareness vaccination necessary morbidity mortality

Language: Английский

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Roles of human papillomavirus in cancers: oncogenic mechanisms and clinical use

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Abstract Human papillomaviruses, particularly high-risk human have been universally considered to be associated with the oncogenesis and progression of various cancers. The genome papillomaviruses is circular, double-stranded DNA that encodes early late proteins. Each proteins crucial significance in infecting epithelium host cells persistently supporting viral integrating into cells. Notably, E6 E7 proteins, classified as oncoproteins, trigger incidence cancers by fostering cell proliferation, hindering apoptosis, evading immune surveillance, promoting invasion, disrupting balance cellular metabolism. Therefore, targeting decoding molecular mechanisms which drive carcinogenesis are great necessity better treat papillomaviruses-related applied clinically different facets papillomavirus-related cancers, including prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis. Several types prophylactic vaccines publicly utilized worldwide greatly decreased occurrence benefited numerous people. Although therapeutic developed tested clinically, none them officially approved date. Enhancing efficacy searching for innovative technologies remain critical challenges warrant continuous research attention future.

Language: Английский

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Artificial intelligence for image recognition in diagnosing oral and oropharyngeal cancer and leukoplakia

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

Visual diagnosis is one of the key features squamous cell carcinoma oral cavity (OSCC) and oropharynx (OPSCC), both subsets head neck (HNSCC) with a heterogeneous clinical appearance. Advancements in artificial intelligence led to Image recognition being introduced recently into large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT 4.0. This exploratory study, for first time, evaluated application image by diagnose leukoplakia based on images, images without any lesion control group. A total 45 were analyzed, comprising 15 cases each SCC, leukoplakia, non-lesion images. 4.0 was tasked providing most likely these scenario one. In two history provided, whereas three only given. The results accuracy LLM rated independent reviewers overall performance using modified Artificial Intelligence Performance Index (AIPI. this demonstrated ability correctly identify alone, while SCC insufficient, but improved including prompt. Providing resulted misclassification some cases. Oral lesions more be diagnosed correctly. study lesions, convincing detecting when added, Leukoplakia detected solely recognition. therefore currently insufficient reliable OPSCC OSCC diagnosis, further technological advancements may pave way use setting.

Language: Английский

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HPV Vaccination: An Underused Strategy for the Prevention of Cancer

Current Oncology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(5), P. 3780 - 3792

Published: May 23, 2022

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination prevents cervical, head and neck, anogenital cancers. However, global HPV vaccine coverage falls short of targets has seen unexpected dramatic declines in some countries. This paper synthesizes the impact on burden cancer potential benefit vaccination. Approximately 5% world's cancers are specifically attributed to HPV. While greatest is cervical low- middle-income countries, HPV-associated neck increasing high-income countries have surpassed as primary Therefore, it also critical improve gender-neutral Understanding modifiable drivers acceptance uptake important for The Behavioural Social Drivers Vaccination framework broadly applied identify key factors associated with including domains concerning practical issues, motivation, social processes, thinking feeling. Among behavioural strategies available reduce incidence mortality cancer, stands out having unrealized prevent disease, financial cost, psychological distress. An understanding shifting can be leveraged regularly measure these factors, develop interventions promote uptake, coverage. Future research diverse contexts necessary investigate barriers facilitators

Language: Английский

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The immune microenvironment of HPV-positive and HPV-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a multiparametric quantitative and spatial analysis unveils a rationale to target treatment-naïve tumors with immune checkpoint inhibitors

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 41(1)

Published: Sept. 20, 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are approved for treatment of recurrent or metastatic oropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in the first- second-line settings. However, only 15-20% patients benefit from this treatment, a feature increasingly ascribed to peculiar characteristics tumor immune microenvironment (TIME).

Language: Английский

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