Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Nov. 13, 2023
Human
leukocyte
immunoglobulin
(Ig)-like
receptors
(LILR)
are
a
family
of
11
innate
immunomodulatory
receptors,
primarily
expressed
on
lymphoid
and
myeloid
cells.
LILRs
either
activating
(LILRA)
or
inhibitory
(LILRB)
depending
their
associated
signalling
domains
(D).
With
the
exception
soluble
LILRA3,
LILRAs
mediate
immune
activation,
while
LILRB1-5
inhibit
responses
tolerance.
Abnormal
expression
function
is
with
range
pathologies,
including
insufficiency
(infection
malignancy)
overt
(autoimmunity
alloresponses),
suggesting
may
be
excellent
candidates
for
targeted
immunotherapies.
This
review
will
discuss
biology
clinical
relevance
this
extensive
summarise
recent
developments
in
targeting
disease
settings,
such
as
cancer,
an
update
trials
investigating
therapeutic
these
receptors.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
8(1)
Published: Dec. 13, 2023
With
the
development
and
regulatory
approval
of
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors
adoptive
cell
therapies,
cancer
immunotherapy
has
undergone
a
profound
transformation
over
past
decades.
Recently,
therapeutic
vaccines
have
shown
promise
by
eliciting
de
novo
T
responses
targeting
tumor
antigens,
including
tumor-associated
antigens
tumor-specific
antigens.
The
objective
was
to
amplify
diversify
intrinsic
repertoire
cells.
However,
complete
realization
these
capabilities
remains
an
ongoing
pursuit.
Therefore,
we
provide
overview
current
landscape
in
this
review.
range
antigen
selection,
delivery
systems
strategic
nuances
underlying
effective
presentation
pioneered
vaccine
design.
Furthermore,
review
addresses
status
clinical
trials
discusses
their
strategies,
focusing
on
immunogenicity
anti-tumor
efficacy
assessment.
attempts
toward
developing
not
yielded
breakthrough
outcomes
due
significant
challenges,
microenvironment
suppression,
optimal
candidate
identification,
response
evaluation,
manufacturing
acceleration.
field
is
poised
overcome
hurdles
improve
patient
future
acknowledging
complexities
persistently
striving
surmount
inherent
constraints.
Advanced Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
36(2)
Published: Sept. 25, 2023
Unsatisfied
tumor
accumulation
of
chemotherapeutic
drugs
and
a
complicated
immunosuppressive
microenvironment
diminish
the
immune
response
rate
therapeutic
effect.
Surface
modification
these
with
target
ligands
can
promote
their
cellular
internalization,
but
modified
may
be
subjected
to
unexpected
recognition
clearance.
Herein,
phenylboronic
acid
(PBA)
group-shieldable
dendritic
nanomedicine
that
integrates
an
immunogenic
cell
death
(ICD)-inducing
agent
(epirubicin,
Epi)
indoleamine
2,3-dioxgenase
1
(IDO1)
inhibitor
(NLG919)
is
reported
for
chemo-immunotherapy.
This
NLG919-loaded
Epi-conjugated
PEGylated
dendrimers
bridged
boronate
bonds
(NLG919@Epi-DBP)
maintains
stable
nanostructure
during
circulation.
Under
moderate
acidic
condition,
PBA
group
exposes
sialic
residue
on
membrane
enhance
internalization
penetration
NLG919@Epi-DBP.
At
pH
5.0,
NLG919@Epi-DBP
rapidly
disassembles
release
incorporated
Epi
NLG919.
triggers
robust
ICD
cells
evokes
strong
response.
In
addition,
inhibition
IDO1
activity
downregulates
metabolism
L-tryptophan
kynurenine,
leading
reduction
in
recruitment
modulation
microenvironment.
Collectively,
this
promising
strategy
has
been
demonstrated
evoke
as
well
remodel
enhanced
chemo-immunotherapeutic
Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(6), P. e009063 - e009063
Published: June 1, 2024
Cancer
immunotherapy
has
flourished
over
the
last
10–15
years,
transforming
practice
of
oncology
and
providing
long-term
clinical
benefit
to
some
patients.
During
this
time,
three
distinct
classes
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors,
chimeric
antigen
receptor-T
cell
therapies
specific
for
two
targets,
bispecific
T
engagers,
a
vaccine,
an
oncolytic
virus
have
joined
cytokines
as
standard
cancer
care.
At
same
scientific
progress
delivered
vast
amounts
new
knowledge.
For
example,
advances
in
technologies
such
single-cell
sequencing
spatial
transcriptomics
provided
deep
insights
into
immunobiology
tumor
microenvironment.
With
rapid
progress,
field
is
currently
at
critical
inflection
point,
with
potential
exponential
growth
next
decade.
Recognizing
this,
Society
Immunotherapy
convened
diverse
group
experts
representing
academia,
pharmaceutical
biotechnology
industries,
patient
advocacy,
regulatory
community
identify
current
opportunities
challenges
goal
prioritizing
areas
highest
impact.
The
consensus
identified
seven
high-priority
opportunity
field:
mechanisms
antitumor
activity
toxicity;
drug
resistance;
biomarkers
biospecimens;
unique
aspects
novel
therapeutics;
host
environmental
interactions;
premalignant
immunity,
interception,
immunoprevention;
trial
design,
endpoints,
conduct.
Additionally,
roadblocks
were
discussed,
several
topics
cross-cutting
tools
optimization,
each
impact
multiple
priority
areas.
These
include
preclinical
models,
data
curation
sharing,
biopsies
biospecimens,
diversification
funding
sources,
definitions
standards,
engagement.
Finally,
key
guiding
principles
that
will
both
optimize
maximize
field.
engaging
community;
cultivating
diversity,
equity,
inclusion,
accessibility;
leveraging
power
artificial
intelligence
accelerate
progress.
Here,
we
present
outcomes
these
discussions
strategic
vision
galvanize
decade
immunotherapy.
Viruses,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(2), P. 219 - 219
Published: Jan. 31, 2024
Chronic
Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus
(HIV)
infection
remains
a
significant
challenge
to
global
public
health.
Despite
advances
in
antiretroviral
therapy
(ART),
which
has
transformed
HIV
from
fatal
disease
into
manageable
chronic
condition,
definitive
cure
elusive.
One
of
the
key
features
is
immune
activation
and
inflammation,
are
strongly
associated
with,
predictive
of,
progression,
even
patients
successfully
treated
with
suppressive
ART.
inflammation
characterized
by
persistent
cell
metabolic
dysregulation,
cellular
exhaustion
dysfunction.
This
review
aims
summarize
current
knowledge
interplay
between
metabolism,
T
dysfunction
infection,
also
discusses
use
humanized
mice
models
study
pathogenesis
develop
novel
therapeutic
strategies.
Advanced Materials,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 10, 2025
Abstract
Cancer
immunotherapy,
which
leverages
immune
system
components
to
treat
malignancies,
has
emerged
as
a
cornerstone
of
contemporary
therapeutic
strategies.
Yet,
critical
concerns
about
the
efficacy
and
safety
cancer
immunotherapies
remain
formidable.
Nanotechnology,
especially
polymeric
nanoparticles
(PNPs),
offers
unparalleled
flexibility
in
manipulation‐from
chemical
composition
physical
properties
precision
control
nanoassemblies.
PNPs
provide
an
optimal
platform
amplify
potency
minimize
systematic
toxicity
broad
spectrum
immunotherapeutic
modalities.
In
this
comprehensive
review,
basics
polymer
chemistry,
state‐of‐the‐art
designs
from
physicochemical
standpoint
for
encompassing
vaccines,
situ
vaccination,
adoptive
T‐cell
therapies,
tumor‐infiltrating
cell‐targeted
antibodies,
cytokine
therapies
are
delineated.
Each
immunotherapy
necessitates
distinctively
tailored
design
strategies
nanoplatforms.
The
extensive
applications
PNPs,
investigation
their
mechanisms
action
enhanced
particularly
focused
on.
profiles
clinical
research
progress
discussed.
Additionally,
forthcoming
developments
emergent
trends
nano‐immunotherapeutics
poised
transform
treatment
paradigms
into
clinics
explored.
Molecular Biomedicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
6(1)
Published: Jan. 10, 2025
Abstract
Cancer
vaccines,
crucial
in
the
immunotherapeutic
landscape,
are
bifurcated
into
preventive
and
therapeutic
types,
both
integral
to
combating
oncogenesis.
Preventive
cancer
like
those
against
HPV
HBV,
reduce
incidence
of
virus-associated
cancers,
while
vaccines
aim
activate
dendritic
cells
cytotoxic
T
lymphocytes
for
durable
anti-tumor
immunity.
Recent
advancements
vaccine
platforms,
such
as
synthetic
peptides,
mRNA,
DNA,
cellular,
nano-vaccines,
have
enhanced
antigen
presentation
immune
activation.
Despite
US
Food
Drug
Administration
approval
several
full
potential
remains
unrealized
due
challenges
selection,
tumor-mediated
immunosuppression,
optimization
delivery
systems.
This
review
provides
a
comprehensive
analysis
aims
implications
vaccine,
innovative
discovery
neoantigens
enhancing
specificity,
latest
strides
platforms.
It
also
critically
evaluates
role
adjuvants
immunogenicity
mitigating
immunosuppressive
tumor
microenvironment.
The
further
examines
synergistic
combining
with
other
therapies,
chemotherapy,
radiotherapy,
checkpoint
inhibitors,
improve
outcomes.
Overcoming
barriers
effective
identification,
microenvironments,
adverse
effects
is
critical
advancing
development.
By
addressing
these
challenges,
can
offer
significant
improvements
patient
outcomes
broaden
scope
personalized
immunotherapy.
