Lipid Nanoparticles─From Liposomes to mRNA Vaccine Delivery, a Landscape of Research Diversity and Advancement

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(11), P. 16982 - 17015

Published: June 28, 2021

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged across the pharmaceutical industry as promising vehicles to deliver a variety of therapeutics. Currently in spotlight vital components COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, LNPs play key role effectively protecting and transporting cells. Liposomes, an early version LNPs, are versatile nanomedicine delivery platform. A number liposomal drugs been approved applied medical practice. Subsequent generations lipid nanocarriers, such solid nanoparticles, nanostructured carriers, cationic lipid–nucleic acid complexes, exhibit more complex architectures enhanced physical stabilities. With their ability encapsulate therapeutics specific locations within body release contents at desired time, provide valuable platform for treatment diseases. Here, we present landscape LNP-related scientific publications, including patents journal articles, based on analysis CAS Content Collection, largest human-curated collection published knowledge. Rising trends identified, carriers becoming preferred platforms numerous formulations. Recent advancements LNP formulations drug platforms, antitumor nucleic vaccine systems, discussed. Challenges growth opportunities also evaluated other areas, imaging, cosmetics, nutrition, agrochemicals. This report is intended serve useful resource those interested nanotechnologies, applications, global research effort development.

Language: Английский

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The blood–brain barrier: Structure, regulation and drug delivery

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: May 25, 2023

Abstract Blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a natural protective membrane that prevents central nervous system (CNS) from toxins and pathogens in blood. However, the presence of BBB complicates pharmacotherapy for CNS disorders as most chemical drugs biopharmaceuticals have been impeded to enter brain. Insufficient drug delivery into brain leads low therapeutic efficacy well aggravated side effects due accumulation other organs tissues. Recent breakthrough materials science nanotechnology provides library advanced with customized structure property serving powerful toolkit targeted delivery. In-depth research field anatomical pathological study on further facilitates development brain-targeted strategies enhanced crossing. In this review, physiological different cells contributing are summarized. Various emerging permeability regulation crossing including passive transcytosis, intranasal administration, ligands conjugation, coating, stimuli-triggered disruption, overcome obstacle highlighted. Versatile systems ranging organic, inorganic, biologics-derived their synthesis procedures unique physio-chemical properties summarized analyzed. This review aims provide an up-to-date comprehensive guideline researchers diverse fields, offering perspectives system.

Language: Английский

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Targeting drugs to tumours using cell membrane-coated nanoparticles

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. 33 - 48

Published: Oct. 28, 2022

Language: Английский

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mRNA-based therapeutics: powerful and versatile tools to combat diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: May 21, 2022

Abstract The therapeutic use of messenger RNA (mRNA) has fueled great hope to combat a wide range incurable diseases. Recent rapid advances in biotechnology and molecular medicine have enabled the production almost any functional protein/peptide human body by introducing mRNA as vaccine or agent. This represents rising precision field with promise for preventing treating many intractable genetic In addition, vitro transcribed achieved programmed production, which is more effective, faster design well flexible cost-effective than conventional approaches that may offer. Based on these extraordinary advantages, vaccines characteristics swiftest response large-scale outbreaks infectious diseases, such currently devastating pandemic COVID-19. It always been scientists’ desire improve stability, immunogenicity, translation efficiency, delivery system achieve efficient safe mRNA. Excitingly, scientific dreams gradually realized rapid, amazing achievements biology, technology, vaccinology, nanotechnology. this review, we comprehensively describe mRNA-based therapeutics, including their principles, manufacture, application, effects, shortcomings. We also highlight importance optimization systems successful therapeutics discuss key challenges opportunities developing tools into powerful versatile genetic, infectious, cancer, other refractory

Language: Английский

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Smart nanoparticles for cancer therapy

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Nov. 3, 2023

Abstract Smart nanoparticles, which can respond to biological cues or be guided by them, are emerging as a promising drug delivery platform for precise cancer treatment. The field of oncology, nanotechnology, and biomedicine has witnessed rapid progress, leading innovative developments in smart nanoparticles safer more effective therapy. In this review, we will highlight recent advancements including polymeric dendrimers, micelles, liposomes, protein cell membrane mesoporous silica gold iron oxide quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, black phosphorus, MOF others. We focus on their classification, structures, synthesis, intelligent features. These possess the ability various external internal stimuli, such enzymes, pH, temperature, optics, magnetism, making them systems. Additionally, review explore latest studies tumor targeting functionalizing surfaces with tumor-specific ligands like antibodies, peptides, transferrin, folic acid. also summarize different types options, small molecules, proteins, nucleic acids, even living cells, potential use While is promising, acknowledge challenges clinical prospects associated use. Finally, propose blueprint that involves artificial intelligence-powered treatment applications. By harnessing aims usher new era personalized therapy, providing patients individualized options.

Language: Английский

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Lipids and Lipid Derivatives for RNA Delivery

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 121(20), P. 12181 - 12277

Published: July 19, 2021

RNA-based therapeutics have shown great promise in treating a broad spectrum of diseases through various mechanisms including knockdown pathological genes, expression therapeutic proteins, and programmed gene editing. Due to the inherent instability negative-charges RNA molecules, can make most use delivery systems overcome biological barriers release payload into cytosol. Among different types systems, lipid-based particularly lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), been extensively studied due their unique properties, such as simple chemical synthesis components, scalable manufacturing processes LNPs, wide packaging capability. LNPs represent widely used for therapeutics, evidenced by clinical approvals three LNP-RNA formulations, patisiran, BNT162b2, mRNA-1273. This review covers recent advances lipids, derivatives, lipid-derived macromolecules over past several decades. We focus mainly on structures, synthetic routes, characterization, formulation methods, structure–activity relationships. also briefly describe current status representative preclinical studies trials highlight future opportunities challenges.

Language: Английский

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Nanodelivery of nucleic acids

Nature Reviews Methods Primers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: April 14, 2022

Language: Английский

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The Uniqueness of Albumin as a Carrier in Nanodrug Delivery

Molecular Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(5), P. 1862 - 1894

Published: March 31, 2021

Albumin is an appealing carrier in nanomedicine because of its unique features. First, it the most abundant protein plasma, endowing high biocompatibility, biodegradability, nonimmunogenicity, and safety for clinical application. Second, albumin chemical structure conformation allows interaction with many different drugs, potentially protecting them from elimination metabolism vivo, thus improving their pharmacokinetic properties. Finally, can interact receptors overexpressed diseased tissues cells, providing a feature active targeting disease site without addition specific ligands to nanocarrier. For this reason, albumin, characterized by extended serum half-life around 19 days, has potential promoting extension targeted delivery drugs. Therefore, article focuses on importance as nanodrug hydrophobic taking advantage passive well Particular attention paid breakthrough NAB-Technology, emphasis advantages Nab-Paclitaxel (Abraxane), compared solvent-based formulations Paclitaxel, i.e., CrEL-paclitaxel (Taxol) setting. role carrying anticancer compounds depicted, particular focus albumin-based that are currently undergoing trials. The sheds light power endogenous substance, such drug system, signifies vehicle performance biological systems, highlights possible future trends use system.

Language: Английский

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Structural parameters of nanoparticles affecting their toxicity for biomedical applications: a review

Journal of Nanoparticle Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(3)

Published: Feb. 27, 2023

Rapidly growing interest in using nanoparticles (NPs) for biomedical applications has increased concerns about their safety and toxicity. In comparison with bulk materials, NPs are more chemically active toxic due to the greater surface area small size. Understanding NPs' mechanism of toxicity, together factors influencing behavior biological environments, can help researchers design reduced side effects improved performance. After overviewing classification properties NPs, this review article discusses molecular imaging cell therapy, gene transfer, tissue engineering, targeted drug delivery, Anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, cancer treatment, wound healing, anti-bacterial applications. There different mechanisms toxicity behaviors depend on various factors, which elaborated article. More specifically, interactions living components discussed by considering impact physiochemical parameters such as size, shape, structure, agglomeration state, charge, wettability, dose, substance type. The polymeric, silica-based, carbon-based, metallic-based (including plasmonic alloy NPs) have been considered separately.

Language: Английский

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CRISPR/Cas9 therapeutics: progress and prospects

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Jan. 16, 2023

Abstract Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene-editing technology is the ideal tool of future for treating diseases by permanently correcting deleterious base mutations or disrupting disease-causing genes with great precision and efficiency. A variety efficient Cas9 variants derivatives have been developed to cope complex genomic changes that occur during diseases. However, strategies effectively deliver CRISPR system diseased cells in vivo are currently lacking, nonviral vectors target recognition functions may be focus research. Pathological physiological resulting from disease onset expected serve as identifying factors targeted delivery targets gene editing. Diseases both varied complex, choice appropriate methods different important. Meanwhile, there still many potential challenges identified when targeting CRISPR/Cas9 treatment. This paper reviews current developments three aspects, namely, type, vector, characteristics. Additionally, this summarizes successful examples clinical trials finally describes possible problems associated applications.

Language: Английский

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