The blood–brain barrier: Structure, regulation and drug delivery

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: May 25, 2023

Abstract Blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a natural protective membrane that prevents central nervous system (CNS) from toxins and pathogens in blood. However, the presence of BBB complicates pharmacotherapy for CNS disorders as most chemical drugs biopharmaceuticals have been impeded to enter brain. Insufficient drug delivery into brain leads low therapeutic efficacy well aggravated side effects due accumulation other organs tissues. Recent breakthrough materials science nanotechnology provides library advanced with customized structure property serving powerful toolkit targeted delivery. In-depth research field anatomical pathological study on further facilitates development brain-targeted strategies enhanced crossing. In this review, physiological different cells contributing are summarized. Various emerging permeability regulation crossing including passive transcytosis, intranasal administration, ligands conjugation, coating, stimuli-triggered disruption, overcome obstacle highlighted. Versatile systems ranging organic, inorganic, biologics-derived their synthesis procedures unique physio-chemical properties summarized analyzed. This review aims provide an up-to-date comprehensive guideline researchers diverse fields, offering perspectives system.

Language: Английский

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Wnt/β-catenin-driven EMT regulation in human cancers

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 81(1)

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

Abstract Metastasis accounts for 90% of cancer-related deaths among the patients. The transformation epithelial cells into mesenchymal with molecular alterations can occur during epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT mechanism accelerates cancer metastasis and drug resistance ability in human cancers. Among different regulators EMT, Wnt/β-catenin axis has been emerged as a versatile modulator. Wnt is active form physiological condition due to function GSK-3β that destructs β-catenin, while ligand–receptor interaction impairs increase β-catenin stability promote its nuclear transfer. Regarding oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin, upregulation occurs cancers it accelerate EMT-mediated resistance. stimulation by binding ligands Frizzled receptors enhance accumulation cytoplasm stimulates related genes upon translocation. Wnt/β-catenin/EMT implicated augmenting both solid hematological tumors. Wnt/EMT-mediated promotes malignant behavior tumor cells, causing therapy be modulated upstream mediators which non-coding RNAs are main regulators. Moreover, pharmacological intervention, mainly using phytochemicals, suppresses Wnt/EMT suppression. Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

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Advances of medical nanorobots for future cancer treatments

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: July 14, 2023

Early detection and diagnosis of many cancers is very challenging. Late stage a cancer always leads to high mortality rates. It imperative develop novel more sensitive effective therapeutic methods for treatments. The development new treatments has become crucial aspect medical advancements. Nanobots, as one the most promising applications nanomedicines, are at forefront multidisciplinary research. With progress nanotechnology, nanobots enable assembly deployment functional molecular/nanosized machines increasingly being utilized in treatment. In recent years, various practical have transitioned from theory practice, vitro experiments vivo applications. this paper, we review analyze advancements treatments, with particular emphasis on their key fundamental features drug delivery, tumor sensing diagnosis, targeted therapy, minimally invasive surgery, other comprehensive At same time, discuss challenges potential research opportunities revolutionizing future, expected sophisticated capable performing multiple functions tasks, ultimately becoming true nanosubmarines bloodstream.

Language: Английский

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Current advance of nanotechnology in diagnosis and treatment for malignant tumors

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Aug. 12, 2024

Cancer remains a significant risk to human health. Nanomedicine is new multidisciplinary field that garnering lot of interest and investigation. shows great potential for cancer diagnosis treatment. Specifically engineered nanoparticles can be employed as contrast agents in diagnostics enable high sensitivity high-resolution tumor detection by imaging examinations. Novel approaches labeling are also made possible the use nanoprobes nanobiosensors. The achievement targeted medication delivery therapy accomplished through rational design manufacture nanodrug carriers. Nanoparticles have capability effectively transport medications or gene fragments tissues via passive active targeting processes, thus enhancing treatment outcomes while minimizing harm healthy tissues. Simultaneously, context radiation sensitization photothermal enhance therapeutic efficacy malignant tumors. This review presents literature overview summary how nanotechnology used According oncological diseases originating from different systems body combining pathophysiological features cancers at sites, we most recent developments applications. Finally, briefly discuss prospects challenges cancer.

Language: Английский

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Rethinking Antigen Source: Cancer Vaccines Based on Whole Tumor Cell/tissue Lysate or Whole Tumor Cell

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(22)

Published: May 31, 2023

Abstract Cancer immunotherapies have improved human health, and one among the important technologies for cancer immunotherapy is vaccine. Antigens are most components in vaccines. Generally, antigens vaccines can be divided into two categories: pre‐defined unidentified antigens. Although, loaded with predefined commonly used, vaccine mixed antigens, especially whole cells or cell lysates, a very promising approach, such obviate some limitations Their advantages include, but not limited to, inclusion of pan‐spectra (all kinds of) inducing pan‐clones specific T cells, overcoming heterogeneity cells. In this review, recent advances based on whole‐tumor either summarized. terms focus applying water‐soluble lysates as Recently, utilizing has become feasible. Considering that pre‐determined antigen‐based (mainly peptide‐based mRNA‐based) various limitations, developing alternative.

Language: Английский

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A modular approach to enhancing cell membrane-coated nanoparticle functionality using genetic engineering

Nature Nanotechnology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(3), P. 345 - 353

Published: Oct. 30, 2023

Language: Английский

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Advances and Prospects in Integrated Nano-oncology

Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 152 - 187

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

In recent years, the deep integration of basic research and clinical translational nanotechnology oncology has led to emergence a new branch, namely integrated nano-oncology. This is an emerging important interdisciplinary field, which plays irreplaceable role in diagnosis, treatment, early warning, monitoring prevention tumors, become frontier. Here main advances nano-oncology was reviewed, mainly included controlled preparation nanomaterials, ultra-sensitive detection tumor biomarkers, multi-functional nanoimaging probes diagnosis treatment technology, innovative nano drugs drug delivery system, DNA nanotechnology, RNA self-assembly nanosensors, intelligent nanorobots, nanotherapeutic machines. The terms, concepts, trends challenges are also discussed with aim promoting application solving scientific key technical problems cancer.

Language: Английский

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Engineered Living Materials for Advanced Diseases Therapy

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 12, 2023

Abstract Natural living materials serving as biotherapeutics exhibit great potential for treating various diseases owing to their immunoactivity, tissue targeting, and other biological activities. In this review, the recent developments in engineered materials, including mammalian cells, bacteria, viruses, fungi, microalgae, plants, active derivatives that are used summarized. Further, future perspectives challenges of such material‐based discussed provide considerations advances biomedical applications.

Language: Английский

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Mechanistic Understanding of Protein Corona Formation around Nanoparticles: Old Puzzles and New Insights

Small, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(28)

Published: April 3, 2023

Abstract Although a wide variety of nanoparticles (NPs) have been engineered for use as disease markers or drug delivery agents, the number nanomedicines in clinical has hitherto remained small. A key obstacle nanomedicine development is lack deep mechanistic understanding NP interactions bio‐environment. Here, focus on biomolecular adsorption layer (protein corona), which quickly enshrouds pristine exposed to biofluid and modifies way interacts with After brief introduction NPs nanomedicine, proteins, their mutual interactions, research aimed at addressing fundamental properties protein corona, specifically its mono‐/multilayer structure, reversibility irreversibility, time dependence, well role agglomeration, critically reviewed. It becomes quite evident that knowledge corona still fragmented, conflicting results issues call further studies. The article concludes discussion future directions should be taken advance around NPs. This will provide developers predictive power account these design efficacious nanomedicines.

Language: Английский

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NIR‐II Photoacoustic Imaging‐Guided Oxygen Delivery and Controlled Release Improves Photodynamic Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(4)

Published: Nov. 21, 2023

Abstract Hypoxia, a prominent hallmark of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), undermines curative outcomes, elevates recurrence rates, and fosters metastasis, particularly during photodynamic therapy (PDT) in clinical settings. Studies indicate that alleviating tumor hypoxia enhances PDT efficacy. However, persistent challenges, including suboptimal oxygen delivery efficiency absence real‐time feedback on blood fluctuations PDT, considerably impede therapeutic efficacy treatment. This study addresses these issues using near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II) photoacoustic (PA) imaging for tumor‐targeted controlled release. For this purpose, biomimetic system designated BLICP@O 2 is developed, which utilizes hybrid cell membranes thermosensitive liposomes as carriers, incorporating the NIR‐II dye IR1048, photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6), perfluorohexane. Upon sequential irradiation at 1064 690 nm, exhibits significant photothermal effects. Photothermal heating triggers release, enhancing effect Ce6. Blood changes are tracked by multispectral PA imaging. Enhanced efficacy, mediated relief, convincingly demonstrated both vitro vivo. work presents an imaging‐guided, dual‐wavelength programmed cascaded treatment strategy with monitoring imaging, offering valuable insights overcoming challenges PDT‐based cancer therapy.

Language: Английский

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