Defining roles of specific reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell biology and physiology

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(7), P. 499 - 515

Published: Feb. 21, 2022

Language: Английский

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Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: chronic diseases and aging

Archives of Toxicology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 97(10), P. 2499 - 2574

Published: Aug. 19, 2023

Abstract A physiological level of oxygen/nitrogen free radicals and non-radical reactive species (collectively known as ROS/RNS) is termed oxidative eustress or “good stress” characterized by low to mild levels oxidants involved in the regulation various biochemical transformations such carboxylation, hydroxylation, peroxidation, modulation signal transduction pathways Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, phosphoinositide-3-kinase, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related 2 (Nrf2) other processes. Increased ROS/RNS, generated from both endogenous (mitochondria, NADPH oxidases) and/or exogenous sources (radiation, certain drugs, foods, cigarette smoking, pollution) result a harmful condition stress (“bad stress”). Although it widely accepted, that many chronic diseases are multifactorial origin, they share common denominator. Here we review importance mechanisms through which contributes pathological states an organism. Attention focused on chemistry ROS RNS (e.g. superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, peroxyl nitric oxide, peroxynitrite), their role damage DNA, proteins, membrane lipids. Quantitative qualitative assessment biomarkers also discussed. Oxidative pathology cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurological disorders (Alzheimer’s Parkinson’s Down syndrome), psychiatric (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), renal disease, lung disease (chronic pulmonary obstruction, cancer), aging. The concerted action antioxidants ameliorate effect achieved antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutases-SODs, catalase, glutathione peroxidase-GPx), small molecular weight (vitamins C E, flavonoids, carotenoids, melatonin, ergothioneine, others). Perhaps one most effective vitamin first line defense against peroxidation promising approach appears be use flavonoids), showing weak prooxidant properties may boost cellular systems thus act preventive anticancer agents. Redox metal-based enzyme mimetic compounds potential pharmaceutical interventions sirtuins therapeutic targets for age-related anti-aging strategies

Language: Английский

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Guidelines for measuring reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage in cells and in vivo

Nature Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4(6), P. 651 - 662

Published: June 27, 2022

Language: Английский

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Antioxidants: Classification, Natural Sources, Activity/Capacity Measurements, and Usefulness for the Synthesis of Nanoparticles

Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(15), P. 4135 - 4135

Published: July 25, 2021

Natural extracts are the source of many antioxidant substances. They have proven useful not only as supplements preventing diseases caused by oxidative stress and food additives oxidation but also system components for production metallic nanoparticles so-called green synthesis. This is important given drastically increased demand nanomaterials in biomedical fields. The ecological technology producing can be plants or microorganisms (yeast, algae, cyanobacteria, fungi, bacteria). review presents recently published research on synthesis nanoparticles. conditions biosynthesis possible mechanisms nanoparticle formation with participation bacteria presented. potential natural biogenic depends content reducing assessment activity multicomponent mixtures still a challenge analytical chemistry. There no universal test measuring total capacity (TAC). vitro chemical tests that quantify scavenging free radicals their ability to chelate metals reduce radical damage. paper classification antioxidants non-enzymatic methods testing vitro, particular emphasis based Examples recent studies obtained from different species such plants, bacteria, lichens, actinomycetes were collected, giving evaluation methods, reference antioxidants, details preparation extracts.

Language: Английский

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Several lines of antioxidant defense against oxidative stress: antioxidant enzymes, nanomaterials with multiple enzyme-mimicking activities, and low-molecular-weight antioxidants

Archives of Toxicology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 98(5), P. 1323 - 1367

Published: March 14, 2024

Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen (RNS) are well recognized for playing a dual role, since they can be either deleterious or beneficial to biological systems. An imbalance between ROS production elimination is termed oxidative stress, critical factor common denominator of many chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic neurological disorders (Alzheimer’s Parkinson’s diseases), other disorders. To counteract the harmful effects ROS, organisms have evolved complex, three-line antioxidant defense system. The first-line mechanism most efficient involves enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx). This line plays an irreplaceable role in dismutation radicals (O 2 ·− ) hydrogen peroxide (H O ). removal by SOD prevents formation much more damaging peroxynitrite ONOO − + NO · → maintains physiologically relevant level nitric oxide (NO ), important molecule neurotransmission, inflammation, vasodilation. second-line pathway exogenous diet-derived small-molecule antioxidants. third-line ensured repair oxidized proteins biomolecules variety enzyme review briefly discusses endogenous (mitochondria, NADPH, xanthine oxidase (XO), Fenton reaction) (e.g., smoking, radiation, drugs, pollution) sources (superoxide radical, peroxide, hydroxyl peroxyl hypochlorous acid, peroxynitrite). Attention has been given system provided SOD, CAT, GPx. chemical molecular mechanisms enzymes, enzyme-related (cancer, cardiovascular, lung, metabolic, GPx4) cellular processes ferroptosis discussed. Potential therapeutic applications mimics recent progress metal-based (copper, iron, cobalt, molybdenum, cerium) nonmetal (carbon)-based nanomaterials with enzyme-like activities (nanozymes) also Moreover, attention action low-molecular-weight antioxidants (vitamin C (ascorbate), vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), carotenoids β-carotene, lycopene, lutein), flavonoids quercetin, anthocyanins, epicatechin), (GSH)), activation transcription factors Nrf2, protection against diseases. Given that there discrepancy preclinical clinical studies, approaches may result greater pharmacological success therapies subject discussion.

Language: Английский

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Understanding mechanisms of antioxidant action in health and disease

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(1), P. 13 - 33

Published: Sept. 15, 2023

Language: Английский

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The Role of Oxidative Stress in Atherosclerosis

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(23), P. 3843 - 3843

Published: Nov. 30, 2022

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vascular system and leading cause cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Excessive generation reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to state oxidative stress which major risk factor for development progression atherosclerosis. ROS are important maintaining health through their potent signalling properties. However, also activate pro-atherogenic processes such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction altered lipid metabolism. As such, considerable efforts have been made identify characterise sources in blood vessels. Major enzymatic include NADPH oxidases, xanthine oxidase, nitric oxide synthases mitochondrial electron transport chains. The production balanced by ROS-scavenging antioxidant systems may become dysfunctional disease, contributing stress. Changes expression function antioxidants observed human atherosclerosis while vitro vivo animal models provided mechanistic insight into functions. There interest utilising molecules balance stress, yet clinical trials demonstrate any atheroprotective effects these molecules. Here we will review contribution discuss potential strategies ameliorate aspects disease.

Language: Английский

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Cellular Red-Ox system in health and disease: The latest update

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 162, P. 114606 - 114606

Published: March 28, 2023

Cells are continually exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during cellular metabolism. Apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy biological processes involving a feedback cycle that causes ROS molecules induce oxidative stress. To adapt exposure, living cells develop various defense mechanisms neutralize use as signaling molecule. The redox networks combine pathways regulate cell metabolism, energy, survival, death. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) essential antioxidant enzymes required for scavenging in compartments response stressful situations. Among the non-enzymatic defenses, vitamin C, (GSH), polyphenols, carotenoids, E, etc., also essential. This review article describes how produced byproducts of oxidation/reduction (redox) antioxidants system is directly or indirectly engaged ROS. In addition, we used computational methods determine comparative profile binding energies several with enzymes. analysis demonstrates high affinity their structures.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes: Impacts from Pathogenesis to Lifestyle Modifications

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 45(8), P. 6651 - 6666

Published: Aug. 12, 2023

Oxidative stress is a critical factor in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes its associated complications. The imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production body’s antioxidant defence mechanisms leads to cellular damage dysfunction. In diabetes, chronic hyperglycaemia mitochondrial dysfunction contribute increased ROS production, further exacerbating oxidative stress. This burden adversely affects various aspects including impaired beta-cell function insulin resistance, leading disrupted glucose regulation. Additionally, stress-induced blood vessels endothelial development diabetic vascular complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, organs tissues throughout body, kidneys, nerves, eyes, are vulnerable stress, resulting neuropathy, retinopathy. Strategies mitigate include therapy, lifestyle modifications, effective management hyperglycaemia. However, research necessary comprehensively understand underlying evaluate efficacy interventions preventing treating By addressing it might be possible alleviate improve patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Various Approaches for the Detoxification of Toxic Dyes in Wastewater

Processes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 1968 - 1968

Published: Sept. 29, 2022

Use of dyes as well colorants in industrial processes has extensively increased. Effluents from various industries such textile, paint, food, etc. are reported to have a diverse range colorants. The effluents these often released into natural water bodies, causing serious and environmental pollution, which humans other species constantly exposed. Continued changes climate also affected availability for people around the world. Thus, advanced treatments removal harmful contaminants municipal wastewater becoming increasingly important. Removal can be done variety ways, including physical, chemical, biological treatments. These technologies, however, differ terms efficiency, cost, effect. There many technological economic challenges treatment methods currently available. search most suitable strategy successful degradation or is an urgent requirement. Previously published research suggests that use enzymes dye more effective compared traditional techniques. Nanoparticles, with their exceptional physicochemical features, potential tackle problem purification less energy-intensive way. However, extensive standardization would necessity different nanoparticles. Therefore, intense nanoparticle-based technologies may provide much needed solution remediation wastewater.

Language: Английский

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