Atherosclerosis and Inflammation: Insights from the Theory of General Pathological Processes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(9), P. 7910 - 7910

Published: April 26, 2023

Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind atherosclerosis pathogenesis. However, there is still a need to systematize this data from general pathology perspective, particularly with regard atherogenesis patterns in context both canonical and non-classical inflammation types. In review, we analyze various typical phenomena outcomes cellular pro-inflammatory stress atherosclerosis, as well role endothelial dysfunction local systemic manifestations low-grade inflammation. We also present features immune development productive stable unstable plaques, along their similarities differences compared There are numerous factors that act inducers inflammatory process including vascular endothelium aging, metabolic dysfunctions, autoimmune, some cases, infectious damage factors. Life-critical complications such cardiogenic shock severe strokes, associated acute hyperinflammation. Additionally, critical atherosclerotic ischemia lower extremities induces paracoagulation chronic Conversely, sepsis, other conditions, diseases contribute atherogenesis. summary, can be characterized an independent form inflammation, sharing but having fundamental variants (classic vasculitis).

Language: Английский

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Exposome in ischaemic heart disease: beyond traditional risk factors

European Heart Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45(6), P. 419 - 438

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Abstract Ischaemic heart disease represents the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, typically induced by detrimental effects risk factors on cardiovascular system. Although preventive interventions tackling conventional have helped to reduce incidence ischaemic disease, it remains a major death worldwide. Thus, attention is now shifting non-traditional in built, natural, social environments that collectively contribute substantially burden perpetuate residual risk. Of importance, these complex interact non-linearly unpredictable ways often enhance attributable single or collection factors. For this reason, new paradigm called ‘exposome’ has recently been introduced epidemiologists order define totality exposure The purpose review outline how emerging may occurrence with particular impact long-term different environmental pollutants, socioeconomic psychological factors, along infectious diseases such as influenza COVID-19. Moreover, potential mitigation strategies for both individuals communities will be discussed.

Language: Английский

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Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, Metainflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Cardiovascular Diseases: Unraveling Pathways

Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 519 - 519

Published: July 12, 2024

Glycolipid metabolic disorders (GLMDs) are various resulting from dysregulation in glycolipid levels, consequently leading to an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, liver dysfunction, neuromuscular complications, and cardiorenal vascular diseases (CRVDs). In patients with GLMDs, excess caloric intake a lack physical activity may contribute oxidative stress (OxS) systemic inflammation. This study aimed review the connection between GLMD, OxS, metainflammation, onset CRVD. GLMD is due causing dysfunction synthesis, breakdown, absorption glucose lipids body, excessive ectopic accumulation these molecules. mainly neuroendocrine dysregulation, insulin resistance, metainflammation. many inflammatory markers defense cells play vital role related tissues organs, such as blood vessels, pancreatic islets, liver, muscle, kidneys, adipocytes, promoting lesions that affect interconnected organs through their signaling pathways. Advanced glycation end products, ATP-binding cassette transporter 1, Glucagon-like peptide-1, Toll-like receptor-4, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) crucial since they glucolipid metabolism. The consequences this system organ damage morbidity mortality.

Language: Английский

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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Bioactive Compounds in Atherosclerosis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 1379 - 1379

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids and immune cells within arterial walls, remains leading cause cardiovascular morbidity mortality worldwide. Oxidative stress inflammation are central to its pathogenesis, driving endothelial dysfunction, foam cell formation, plaque instability. Emerging evidence highlights potential bioactive compounds with antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties mitigate these processes promote vascular health. This review explores mechanisms through which compounds-such as polyphenols, carotenoids, flavonoids, omega-3 fatty acids, coenzyme Q10, other natural compounds-modulate oxidative in atherosclerosis. It examines their effects on key molecular pathways, including inhibition reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, suppression nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), modulation cytokines. By integrating current knowledge, this underscores therapeutic dietary supplemental complementary strategies for managing atherosclerosis, paving way future research clinical applications.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of wogonoside in the treatment of atherosclerosis based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

Atherosclerosis serves as the fundamental pathology for a variety of cardiovascular disorders, with its pathogenesis being closely tied to complex interplay among lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Wogonoside is natural flavonoid extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, cardiac function improvement properties. Despite these known effects, specific role wogonoside in context atherosclerosis remains be elucidated. To validate efficacy treatment investigate possible therapeutic mechanisms. Network pharmacology was used obtain core targets signaling pathways that may efficacious wogonoside, which were validated using molecular docking dynamics simulations. further pathway, we performed vivo experiments apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-/- mice. This included pathological morphology deposition analysis mouse aorta, serum level analysis, Elisa stress reactive oxygen species (ROS) fluorescence assay, immunohistochemical protein blot analysis. Predictions obtained has 31 targets, are mainly focused on such Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway NF-kappa B (NF-κB ) pathway. Molecular simulations showed good binding properties targets. In experimental results significantly inhibited aortic inflammatory response deposition, reduced release levels total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density-lipoprotein (LDL-C), oxidized low density (ox-LDL) free fatty acid (FFA), factors TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 ApoE-/- Further mechanism studies activation TLR4/NF-κB an effective drug monomer atherosclerosis, action related inhibition

Language: Английский

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Association between composite dietary antioxidant index and coronary heart disease among US adults: a cross-sectional analysis

BMC Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Dec. 5, 2023

Abstract Background The Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) is a dietary antioxidant score that plays protective role in many diseases, including depression, osteoporosis, papillomavirus infection, etc. However, the association between CDAI and coronary heart disease (CHD) currently unclear. We aim to explore correlations risk of CHD. Methods Eligible participants were obtained from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999 2018. All this cross-sectional study are required undergo two separate 24-h recall interviews. Average daily intakes antioxidants used calculate CDAI. CHD status was determined through questionnaire. Weighted multiple logistic regression models evaluate relationship Moreover, we also restricted cubic spline Non-linear correlations. Sensitivity analysis using unweighted subgroup demonstrate stability results. Results A total 34,699 eligible for analysis.Compared without CHD, with showed lower levels After adjusting confounding factors multivariate weighted model, inversely associated (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 0.65 (0.51–0.82, P < 0.001). Restricted there negative non-linear correlation (L-shaped) suggesting potential saturation effect at higher levels, inflection point 0.16. results stable. No significant statistically interaction analysis. Conclusions There US adults. further prospective studies still needed reveal their relationship.

Language: Английский

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Radical oxygen species: an important breakthrough point for botanical drugs to regulate oxidative stress and treat the disorder of glycolipid metabolism

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: May 12, 2023

Background: The incidence of glycolipid metabolic diseases is extremely high worldwide, which greatly hinders people’s life expectancy and patients’ quality life. Oxidative stress (OS) aggravates the development in metabolism. Radical oxygen species (ROS) a key factor signal transduction OS, can regulate cell apoptosis contribute to inflammation. Currently, chemotherapies are main method treat disorders metabolism, but this lead drug resistance damage normal organs. Botanical drugs an important source new drugs. They widely found nature with availability, practicality, low cost. There increasing evidence that herbal medicine has definite therapeutic effects on diseases. Objective: This study aims provide valuable for treatment botanical from perspective ROS regulation by further promote effective clinical Methods: Using herb*, plant medicine, Chinese phytochemicals, natural phytomedicine, extract, drug, ROS, free radicals, radical, oxidizing agent, glucose lipid saccharometabolism, glycometabolism, blood glucose, lipoprotein, triglyceride, fatty liver, atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes, dysglycemia, NAFLD, DM as keywords or subject terms, relevant literature was retrieved Web Science PubMed databases 2013 2022 summarized. Results: regulating mitochondrial function, endoplasmic reticulum, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein B (AKT), erythroid 2-related 2 (Nrf-2), nuclear κB (NF-κB), other signaling pathways improve OS glucolipid Conclusion: multi-mechanism multifaceted. Both studies animal experiments have demonstrated effectiveness ROS. However, safety need be improved, more needed support application

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress and MicroRNAs in Endothelial Cells under Metabolic Disorders

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 1341 - 1341

Published: May 8, 2023

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are radical intermediates that serve as important second messengers in signal transduction. However, when the accumulation of these molecules exceeds buffering capacity antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress and endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction occur. EC shifts vascular system into a pro-coagulative, proinflammatory state, thereby increasing risk developing cardiovascular (CV) diseases metabolic disorders. Studies have turned to investigation microRNA treatment for CV factors, post-transcription regulators known co-regulate ROS. In this review, we will discuss ROS pathways generation, normal physiology ROS-induced dysfunction, current knowledge common disorders their connection stress. Therapeutic strategies based on microRNAs response microRNA’s regulatory roles controlling also be explored. It is gain an in-depth comprehension mechanisms generating how manipulating enzymatic byproducts can protect function from prevent development

Language: Английский

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A comprehensive review and recent advances of vitamin C: Overview, functions, sources, applications, market survey and processes

Process Safety and Environmental Protection, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 206, P. 108 - 129

Published: May 5, 2024

Vitamin C is widely applied in different industries such as cosmetics, feedstocks, food, and beverages which contribute greatly to the growth of market demand for pure vitamin shown increasing trends. This resulted advent various simpler process technologies address limitations previous technologies. The include conventional Reichstein, two-step fermentation, new latest one-step fermentation that yet be industrially scaled due hardships stability developments. However, focus generally given upstream processes meanwhile downstream covers purification recovery has been limited research. Moreover, this review paper also provides insights into aspects including functions, applications, daily dosage required by individuals ensure deficiency avoided, studies have not only low- or middle-income countries covering Asia Africa but approximately 40% United States population experience deficiency. focuses on novel drug delivery system provide a more holistic understanding C.

Language: Английский

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Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and cardiovascular risk: a comprehensive review

Cardiovascular Diabetology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Sept. 28, 2024

Language: Английский

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