Heliyon,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(7), P. e28838 - e28838
Published: March 28, 2024
Parkinson's
disease
(PD)
is
a
neurodegenerative
disorder
with
motor
symptoms
like
bradykinesia,
tremors,
and
balance
issues.
The
pathology
recognized
by
progressively
degenerative
nigrostriatal
dopaminergic
neurons
(DANs)
loss.
Its
exact
pathogenesis
unclear.
Numerous
studies
have
shown
that
nucleotide-binding
oligomerization
domain-like
receptor
protein
3
(NLRP3)
contributes
to
the
of
PD.
Previous
demonstrated
over-activation
NLRP3
inflammasome
in
microglia
indirectly
leads
loss
DANs,
which
can
worsen
In
recent
years,
autopsy
analyses
PD
patients
models
revealed
upregulation
expression
within
DANs
activation
sufficient
drive
neuronal
loss,
whereas
microglial
occurs
after
death,
inhibition
intraneuronal
prevents
degeneration
DANs.
this
review,
we
provide
research
evidence
related
as
well
focus
on
possible
mechanisms
neurons,
aiming
new
way
thinking
about
prevention
Immunity,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
57(4), P. 674 - 699
Published: April 1, 2024
Nucleotide-binding
oligomerization
domain
(NOD)-like
receptors,
also
known
as
nucleotide-binding
leucine-rich
repeat
receptors
(NLRs),
are
a
family
of
cytosolic
pattern
recognition
that
detect
wide
variety
pathogenic
and
sterile
triggers.
Activation
specific
NLRs
initiates
pro-
or
anti-inflammatory
signaling
cascades
the
formation
inflammasomes—multi-protein
complexes
induce
caspase-1
activation
to
drive
inflammatory
cytokine
maturation
lytic
cell
death,
pyroptosis.
Certain
inflammasomes
act
integral
components
larger
death
complexes—PANoptosomes—driving
another
form
PANoptosis.
Here,
we
review
current
understanding
evolution,
structure,
function
in
health
disease.
We
discuss
concept
NLR
networks
their
roles
driving
immunity.
An
improved
mechanistic
may
provide
therapeutic
strategies
applicable
across
infectious
diseases
cancer.
Journal of Neuroinflammation,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: Feb. 7, 2025
Mitochondrial
dysfunction
is
a
pivotal
instigator
of
neuroinflammation,
with
mitochondrial
DNA
(mtDNA)
leakage
as
critical
intermediary.
This
review
delineates
the
intricate
pathways
leading
to
mtDNA
release,
which
include
membrane
permeabilization,
vesicular
trafficking,
disruption
homeostatic
regulation,
and
abnormalities
in
dynamics.
The
escaped
activates
cytosolic
sensors,
especially
cyclic
gmp-amp
synthase
(cGAS)
signalling
inflammasome,
initiating
neuroinflammatory
cascades
via
pathways,
exacerbating
spectrum
neurological
pathologies.
therapeutic
promise
targeting
discussed
detail,
underscoring
necessity
for
multifaceted
strategy
that
encompasses
preservation
homeostasis,
prevention
leakage,
reestablishment
dynamics,
inhibition
activation
sensors.
Advancing
our
understanding
complex
interplay
between
neuroinflammation
imperative
developing
precision
interventions
disorders.
Immunological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
329(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Inflammasomes
are
crucial
mediators
of
both
antimicrobial
host
defense
and
inflammatory
pathology,
requiring
stringent
regulation
at
multiple
levels.
This
review
explores
the
pivotal
role
mitogen‐activated
protein
kinase
(MAPK)
signaling
in
modulating
inflammasome
activation
through
various
regulatory
mechanisms.
We
detail
recent
advances
understanding
MAPK‐mediated
NLRP3
priming,
licensing
activation,
with
emphasis
on
MAPK‐induced
activator
protein‐1
(AP‐1)
ERK1
JNK
licensing,
TAK1
connecting
death
receptor
to
activation.
Furthermore,
we
discuss
novel
insights
into
MAPK
human
NLRP1
focusing
MAP3K
member
ZAKα
as
a
key
linking
ribosomal
stress
Lastly,
work
elucidating
how
Bacillus
anthracis
lethal
toxin
(LeTx)
manipulates
induce
macrophage
apoptosis
an
immune
evasion
strategy,
counteraction
this
effect
genotype‐specific
Nlrp1b
certain
rodent
strains.
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Jan. 6, 2025
The
NOD-like
receptor
family
pyrin
domain-containing
3
(NLRP3)
is
a
key
pattern
recognition
in
the
innate
immune
system.
Its
overactivation
leads
to
production
of
pro-inflammatory
cytokines,
such
as
IL-1β
and
IL-18,
which
contribute
development
progression
various
diseases.
In
recent
years,
evidence
has
shown
that
gut
microbiota
plays
an
important
role
regulating
activation
NLRP3
inflammasome.
Variations
function
composition
can
directly
or
indirectly
influence
inflammasome
by
influencing
bacterial
components
metabolites.
Additionally,
exercise
been
effectively
reduce
while
promoting
beneficial
changes
microbiota.
This
suggests
may
play
mediating
effects
on
regulation.
review
explores
impact
activation,
examines
mechanisms
through
mediates
anti-inflammatory
exercise,
providing
new
avenues
for
research.
Arthritis Research & Therapy,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
27(1)
Published: Jan. 9, 2025
Rheumatoid
arthritis
(RA)
is
a
chronic
autoimmune
disease
characterized
by
joint
inflammation,
tissue
damage,
and
fibrosis,
significantly
affecting
the
quality
of
life.
While
there
are
currently
some
effective
treatments
available,
they
often
come
with
side
effects.
There
an
urgent
need
to
find
new
that
can
further
improve
therapeutic
outcomes
reduce
Our
study
investigates
role
Mesenchymal
Stem
Cell
exosomes
(MSC-exo)
combined
Ginsenoside
Rh2
(Rh2)
in
treatment
RA.
We
specifically
focus
on
how
this
strategy
influences
macrophage
polarization
pyroptosis.
This
research
utilized
collagen-induced
rat
model.
The
findings
reveal
combination
MSC-exo
inhibit
M1
macrophages,
increase
proportion
M2-like
suppress
M1-like
pyroptosis
via
NLRP3/Caspase11/GSDMD-N
pathway.
In
model,
showed
synergistic
contributes
deeper
understanding
RA's
pathogenesis
presents
potential
targeted
interventions.
application
offers
promising
insights
for
future
innovative
strategies
RA
treatment,
paving
way
more
management
disease.
Theranostics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(8), P. 3358 - 3384
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
With
the
increase
in
aging
population,
occurrence
of
neurological
disorders
is
rising.Recently,
stem
cell
therapy
has
garnered
attention
due
to
its
convenient
sourcing,
minimal
invasiveness,
and
capacity
for
directed
differentiation.However,
there
are
some
disadvantages,
such
as
poor
quality
control,
safety
assessments,
ethical
logistical
issues.Consequently,
scientists
have
started
shift
their
from
cells
extracellular
vesicles
similar
structures
properties.Beyond
these
parallels,
can
enhance
biocompatibility,
facilitate
easy
traversal
barriers,
minimize
side
effects.Furthermore,
cell-derived
be
engineered
load
drugs
modify
surfaces
treatment
outcomes.In
this
review,
we
summarize
functions
native
vesicles,
subsequently
review
strategies
engineering
applications
Alzheimer's
disease,
Parkinson's
stroke,
discuss
challenges
solutions
associated
with
clinical
translation
vesicles.