Trends in insulin resistance: insights into mechanisms and therapeutic strategy

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: July 6, 2022

The centenary of insulin discovery represents an important opportunity to transform diabetes from a fatal diagnosis into medically manageable chronic condition. Insulin is key peptide hormone and mediates the systemic glucose metabolism in different tissues. resistance (IR) disordered biological response for stimulation through disruption molecular pathways target Acquired conditions genetic factors have been implicated IR. Recent biochemical studies suggest that dysregulated metabolic mediators released by adipose tissue including adipokines, cytokines, chemokines, excess lipids toxic lipid metabolites promote IR other associated with several groups abnormal syndromes include obesity, diabetes, dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), cardiovascular disease, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), abnormalities. Although no medication specifically approved treat IR, we summarized lifestyle changes pharmacological medications used as efficient intervention improve sensitivity. Ultimately, systematic discussion complex mechanism will help identify potential new targets closely

Language: Английский

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Lipid and glucose metabolism in white adipocytes: pathways, dysfunction and therapeutics

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 276 - 295

Published: Feb. 24, 2021

Language: Английский

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The Influence of Meal Frequency and Timing on Health in Humans: The Role of Fasting

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 719 - 719

Published: March 28, 2019

The influence of meal frequency and timing on health disease has been a topic interest for many years. While epidemiological evidence indicates an association between higher frequencies lower risk, experimental trials have shown conflicting results. Furthermore, recent prospective research demonstrated significant increase in risk with high (≥6 meals/day) as compared to low (1–2 meals/day). Apart from we also consider breakfast consumption the distribution daily energy intake, caloric restriction, night-time eating. A central role this complex scenario is played by fasting period length two meals. physiological underpinning these interconnected variables may be through internal circadian clocks, food that asynchronous natural rhythms exert adverse effects risk. Additionally, alterations potential macronutrient intake.A regular pattern including consumption, consuming proportion early day, reduced (i.e., 2–3 meals/day), periods provide benefits such inflammation, improved rhythmicity, increased autophagy stress resistance, modulation gut microbiota

Language: Английский

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The Circadian Syndrome: is the Metabolic Syndrome and much more!

Journal of Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 286(2), P. 181 - 191

Published: May 13, 2019

Abstract The Metabolic Syndrome is a cluster of cardio‐metabolic risk factors and comorbidities conveying high both cardiovascular disease type 2 diabetes. It responsible for huge socio‐economic costs with its resulting morbidity mortality in most countries. underlying aetiology this clustering has been the subject much debate. More recently, significant interest focussed on involvement circadian system, major regulator almost every aspect human health metabolism. Circadian now implicated several chronic diseases including diabetes disease. There increasing evidence connecting disturbances rhythm not only key components but also main sleep disturbances, depression, steatohepatitis cognitive dysfunction. Based this, we propose that disruption may be an important aetiological factor suggest it renamed ‘Circadian Syndrome’. With increased recognition Syndrome’, medicine, through timing exercise, light exposure, food consumption, dispensing medications sleep, likely to play greater role maintenance individual population future.

Language: Английский

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New Insights Into the Circadian Rhythm and Its Related Diseases

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: June 25, 2019

Circadian rhythms (CR) are a series of endogenous autonomous oscillators generated by the molecular circadian clock which acting on coordinating internal time with external environment in 24-h daily cycle. The system is major regulatory factor for nearly all physiological activities and its disorder has severe consequences human health. CR disruption common issue modern society, researches about people jet lag or shift works have revealed that can cause cognitive impairment, psychiatric illness, metabolic syndrome, dysplasia, cancer. In this review, we summarized synchronizers synchronization methods used experimental research, introduced monitoring detection methods. Moreover, evaluated conventional databases, analyzed experiments characterized underlying causes disorder. Finally, further discussed latest developments understanding disruption, how it may be relevant to health disease. Briefly, review aimed synthesize previous studies aid future CR-related diseases.

Language: Английский

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Environmental risk factors and cardiovascular diseases: a comprehensive expert review

Cardiovascular Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(14), P. 2880 - 2902

Published: Sept. 30, 2021

Abstract Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are fatal for more than 38 million people each year and thus the main contributors to global burden of disease accounting 70% mortality. The majority these deaths caused by cardiovascular (CVD). risk NCDs is strongly associated with exposure environmental stressors such as pollutants in air, noise exposure, artificial light at night, climate change, including heat extremes, desert storms, wildfires. In addition traditional factors CVD diabetes, arterial hypertension, smoking, hypercholesterolaemia, genetic predisposition, there a growing body evidence showing that physicochemical environment contribute significantly high NCD numbers. Furthermore, urbanization accumulation intensification stressors. This comprehensive expert review will summarize epidemiology pathophysiology focus on NCDs. We also discuss solutions mitigation measures lower impact CVD.

Language: Английский

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Feeding Rhythms and the Circadian Regulation of Metabolism

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: April 17, 2020

The molecular circadian clock regulates metabolic processes within the cell, and alignment of these clocks between tissues is essential for maintenance homeostasis. possibility misalignment arises from differential responsiveness to environmental cues that synchronize (zeitgebers). Although light dominant cue master suprachiasmatic nucleus, many other are sensitive feeding fasting. When rhythms behaviour altered, example by shift work or constant availability highly palatable foods, strong feedback sent peripheral clocks. Varying degrees phase can cause systemic processes. Moreover, when there a endogenous in physiology inputs, such as during inactive phase, body's ability maintain homeostasis impaired. loss coordination organism environment, well internal tissues, produce cardiometabolic disease consequence. aim this review synthesize on mechanisms effects misalignment. timing food intake highlighted powerful with potential destroy restore synchrony metabolism.

Language: Английский

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Food as a circadian time cue — evidence from human studies

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 213 - 223

Published: Feb. 13, 2020

Language: Английский

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Sleep disorders in people with type 2 diabetes and associated health outcomes: a review of the literature

Diabetologia, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 64(11), P. 2367 - 2377

Published: Aug. 16, 2021

Sleep disorders are linked to development of type 2 diabetes and increase the risk developing complications. Treating sleep might therefore play an important role in prevention progression. However, detection treatment not part standardised care for people with diabetes. To highlight importance diabetes, we provide a review literature on prevalence association between health outcomes, such as glycaemic control, microvascular macrovascular complications, depression, mortality quality life. Additionally, examine extent which treating improves these outcomes. We performed search PubMed from inception until January 2021, using terms disorders, prevalence, Both observational experimental studies were included review. found that insomnia (39% [95% CI 34, 44]), obstructive apnoea (55-86%) restless legs syndrome (8-45%) more prevalent compared general population. No reported rates circadian rhythm sleep-wake central hypersomnolence or parasomnias. several cross-sectional prospective showed negatively affect outcomes at least one domain, especially control. For example, is associated increased HbA

Language: Английский

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Obesity and insulin resistance: Pathophysiology and treatment

Drug Discovery Today, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(3), P. 822 - 830

Published: Nov. 9, 2021

Language: Английский

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