Journal of Advanced Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 1, 2024
Dysbiosis
of
the
gut
microbiota
is
emerging
as
a
pivotal
factor
in
pathogenesis
colorectal
cancer
(CRC).
Ginsenoside
Rh4
(Rh4)
an
active
compound
isolated
from
ginseng
with
beneficial
effects
modulating
intestinal
inflammation
and
dysbiosis,
but
how
regulates
to
alleviate
CRC
remains
underexplored.
We
investigated
impact
on
mechanism
its
action
inhibiting
via
modulation
microbiota.
used
AOM/DSS
model
employed
transcriptomics,
genomics
metabolomics
techniques
explore
inhibitory
CRC.
Furthermore,
we
experiments
involving
antibiotic
treatment
fecal
transplantation
(FMT)
investigate
role
Finally,
elucidated
key
functional
bacteria
metabolites
regulated
by
Our
research
findings
indicated
that
repaired
barrier
damage
caused
CRC,
alleviated
inflammation,
inhibited
development
Additionally,
microbiota-dependent
manner.
increased
diversity
microbiota,
enriched
probiotic
Akkermansia
muciniphila
(A.
muciniphila),
dysbiosis
Subsequently,
A.
muciniphila-mediated
bile
acid
metabolism.
promoted
production
UDCA
enhancing
activity
7α-hydroxysteroid
dehydrogenase
(7α-HSDH).
further
activated
FXR,
modulated
TLR4-NF-κB
signaling
pathway,
thus
results
confirm
inhibits
manner
microbiota-mediated
metabolism
promoting
UDCA,
which
activates
FXR
receptor
pathway.
has
potential
be
modulator
for
preventing
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(2), P. 1526 - 1526
Published: Jan. 12, 2023
Inflammatory
bowel
disease
(IBD),
comprising
Crohn’s
(CD)
and
ulcerative
colitis
(UC),
is
a
heterogeneous
state
of
chronic
intestinal
inflammation
with
no
exact
known
cause.
Intestinal
innate
immunity
enacted
by
neutrophils,
monocytes,
macrophages,
dendritic
cells
(DCs),
lymphoid
NK
cells,
characterized
their
capacity
to
produce
rapid
nonspecific
reaction
as
first-line
response.
Innate
immune
(IIC)
defend
against
pathogens
excessive
entry
microorganisms,
while
preserving
tolerance
resident
microbiota.
Changes
this
equilibrium
are
linked
in
the
gut
IBD.
IICs
mediate
host
defense
responses,
inflammation,
tissue
healing
producing
cytokines
chemokines,
activating
complement
cascade
phagocytosis,
or
presenting
antigens
activate
adaptive
exert
important
functions
that
promote
ameliorate
cellular
molecular
mechanisms
underlie
sustain
A
comprehensive
understanding
underlying
these
clinical
manifestations
will
be
for
developing
therapies
targeting
system
IBD
patients.
This
review
examines
complex
roles
interactions
among
IICs,
other
non-immune
homeostasis
pathological
conditions.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: Feb. 16, 2024
Abstract
The
human
gastrointestinal
tract
is
populated
with
a
diverse
microbial
community.
vast
genetic
and
metabolic
potential
of
the
gut
microbiome
underpins
its
ubiquity
in
nearly
every
aspect
biology,
including
health
maintenance,
development,
aging,
disease.
advent
new
sequencing
technologies
culture-independent
methods
has
allowed
researchers
to
move
beyond
correlative
studies
toward
mechanistic
explorations
shed
light
on
microbiome–host
interactions.
Evidence
unveiled
bidirectional
communication
between
central
nervous
system,
referred
as
“microbiota–gut–brain
axis”.
microbiota–gut–brain
axis
represents
an
important
regulator
glial
functions,
making
it
actionable
target
ameliorate
development
progression
neurodegenerative
diseases.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
mechanisms
As
provides
essential
cues
microglia,
astrocytes,
oligodendrocytes,
examine
communications
microbiota
these
cells
during
healthy
states
Subsequently,
diseases
using
metabolite-centric
approach,
while
also
examining
role
microbiota-related
neurotransmitters
hormones.
Next,
targeting
intestinal
barrier,
blood–brain
meninges,
peripheral
immune
system
counteract
dysfunction
neurodegeneration.
Finally,
conclude
by
assessing
pre-clinical
clinical
evidence
probiotics,
prebiotics,
fecal
transplantation
A
thorough
comprehension
will
foster
effective
therapeutic
interventions
for
management
Physiological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
103(2), P. 1487 - 1564
Published: Dec. 15, 2022
Of
all
the
organ
systems
in
body,
gastrointestinal
tract
is
most
complicated
terms
of
numbers
structures
involved,
each
with
different
functions,
and
types
signaling
molecules
utilized.
The
digestion
food
absorption
nutrients,
electrolytes,
water
occurs
a
hostile
luminal
environment
that
contains
large
diverse
microbiota.
At
core
regulatory
control
digestive
defensive
functions
enteric
nervous
system
(ENS),
complex
neurons
glia
gut
wall.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
1)
intrinsic
neural
involved
2)
how
ENS
interacts
immune
system,
microbiota,
epithelium
to
maintain
mucosal
defense
barrier
function.
We
highlight
developments
have
revolutionized
our
understanding
physiology
pathophysiology
control.
These
include
new
molecular
architecture
ENS,
organization
function
motor
circuits,
roles
glia.
explore
transduction
stimuli
by
enteroendocrine
cells,
regulation
intestinal
glia,
local
role
microbiota
regulating
structure
ENS.
Multifunctional
work
together
glial
macrophages,
interstitial
cells
integrating
an
array
signals
initiate
outputs
are
precisely
regulated
space
time
homeostasis.
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: March 2, 2023
Gut
microbiota
disorders
damage
the
intestinal
barrier,
which
causes
disease.
Thus,
we
screened
with
significant
changes
using
an
in
situ
malignant
colorectal
cancer
(CRC)
model.
Among
colonies
increased
abundance,
Akkermansia
muciniphila
(
A.
)
is
known
for
its
characteristic
of
breaking
down
mucin,
essential
component
barrier.
The
role
remains
controversial.
To
investigate
effect
excess
on
established
over-colonized
mouse
model
by
administering
a
live
bacterial
suspension
after
disrupting
original
gut
microbiome
antibiotics.
results
showed
that
over-colonization
decreased
mucin
content.
mRNA
and
protein
expression
levels
tight
junction
proteins
also
significantly
Our
findings
reveal
colonization
breaks
dynamic
balance
between
secretion
degradation,
reduces
thickness
mucus
layer,
damages
would
eventually
aggravate
development
colitis
CRC.
These
will
raise
awareness
about
safety
serving
as
probiotic.
Gut,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
73(11), P. 1893 - 1908
Published: Sept. 25, 2024
The
understanding
that
changes
in
microbiome
composition
can
influence
chronic
human
diseases
and
the
efficiency
of
therapies
has
driven
efforts
to
develop
microbiota-centred
such
as
first
next
generation
probiotics,
prebiotics
postbiotics,
microbiota
editing
faecal
transplantation.
Central
research
is
how
disease
impacts
vice
versa,
yet
there
a
problematic
issue
with
term
'dysbiosis',
which
broadly
links
microbial
imbalances
various
illnesses
without
precision
or
definition.
Another
significant
discussions
defining
'healthy
individuals'
ascertain
what
characterises
healthy
microbiome.
This
involves
questioning
who
represents
healthiest
segment
our
population-whether
it
those
free
from
illnesses,
athletes
at
peak
performance,
individuals
living
healthily
through
regular
exercise
good
nutrition
even
elderly
adults
centenarians
have
been
tested
by
time
achieved
remarkable
longevity.This
review
advocates
for
delineating
'what
defines
microbiome?'
considering
broader
range
factors
related
health
environmental
influences
on
microbiota.
A
undoubtedly
linked
gut
health.
Nevertheless,
very
difficult
pinpoint
universally
accepted
definition
'gut
health'
due
complexities
measuring
functionality
besides
composition.
We
must
take
into
account
individual
variabilities,
diet,
lifestyle,
host
factors.
Moreover,
challenge
distinguishing
causation
correlation
between
overall
presented.The
also
highlights
resource-heavy
nature
comprehensive
assessments,
hinders
their
practicality
broad
application.
Finally,
we
call
continued
nuanced
approach
better
understand
intricate
evolving
concept
health,
emphasising
need
more
precise
inclusive
definitions
methodologies
studying
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Jan. 26, 2024
Infecting
about
half
of
the
world´s
population,
Helicobacter
pylori
is
one
most
prevalent
bacterial
infections
worldwide
and
strongest
known
risk
factor
for
gastric
cancer.
Although
H.
colonizes
exclusively
epithelium,
infection
has
also
been
associated
with
various
extragastric
diseases,
including
colorectal
cancer
(CRC).
Epidemiological
studies
reported
an
almost
two-fold
increased
infected
individuals
to
develop
CRC,
but
only
recently,
direct
causal
functional
links
between
chronic
CRC
have
revealed.
Besides
modulating
host
intestinal
immune
response,
thought
increase
by
inducing
gut
microbiota
alterations.
It
that
not
impacts
at
site
leads
changes
in
colonization
distal
large
intestine.
Considering
microbiome
plays
a
driving
role
emerges
as
key
responsible
promoting
signatures
could
contribute
tumor
development.
Within
this
review,
we
want
focus
on
interplay
infection,
microbiota,
immunity.
In
addition,
effects
antibiotic
eradication
therapy
will
be
discussed.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(17), P. 9366 - 9366
Published: Aug. 29, 2024
The
human
gastrointestinal
tract
hosts
a
complex
and
dynamic
community
of
microorganisms
known
as
the
gut
microbiota,
which
play
pivotal
role
in
numerous
physiological
processes,
including
digestion,
metabolism,
immune
function.
Recent
research
has
highlighted
significant
impact
diet
on
microbiota
composition
functionality,
consequential
effects
host
health.
Concurrently,
there
is
growing
evidence
linking
to
inflammation,
key
factor
many
chronic
diseases
such
inflammatory
bowel
disease
(IBD),
obesity,
diabetes,
cardiovascular
(CVDs).
This
review
explores
how
dietary
components
influence
composition,
these
microbial
changes
affect
pathways,
therapeutic
implications
modulating
this
axis
for
prevention
management.
Beneficial
patterns,
Mediterranean
(MD)
plant-based
diets,
promote
diverse
balanced
supporting
anti-inflammatory
pathways.
Conversely,
Western
(WD),
high
saturated
fats
refined
sugars,
associated
with
dysbiosis
increased
inflammation.
With
all
links
between
three
variables
considered,
attempts
offer
thorough
examination
triangle
formed
by
food.
