Viruses,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(3), P. 368 - 368
Published: Feb. 27, 2024
The
human
immunodeficiency
virus
(HIV)
continues
to
pose
a
significant
global
health
challenge,
with
millions
of
people
affected
and
new
cases
emerging
each
year.
While
various
treatment
prevention
methods
exist,
including
antiretroviral
therapy
non-vaccine
approaches,
developing
an
effective
vaccine
remains
the
most
crucial
cost-effective
solution
combating
HIV
epidemic.
Despite
advancements
in
research,
field
has
faced
numerous
challenges,
only
one
clinical
trial
demonstrated
modest
level
efficacy.
This
review
delves
into
history
vaccines
current
efforts
prevention,
emphasizing
pre-clinical
development
using
non-human
primate
model
(NHP)
infection.
NHP
models
offer
valuable
insights
potential
preventive
strategies
for
HIV,
they
play
vital
role
informing
guiding
novel
candidates
before
can
proceed
trials.
npj Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: Jan. 9, 2024
Abstract
Immunofocusing
is
a
strategy
to
create
immunogens
that
redirect
humoral
immune
responses
towards
targeted
epitope
and
away
from
non-desirable
epitopes.
methods
often
aim
develop
“universal”
vaccines
provide
broad
protection
against
highly
variant
viruses
such
as
influenza
virus,
human
immunodeficiency
virus
(HIV-1),
most
recently,
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
(SARS-CoV-2).
We
use
existing
examples
illustrate
five
main
immunofocusing
strategies—cross-strain
boosting,
mosaic
display,
protein
dissection,
scaffolding,
masking.
also
discuss
obstacles
for
like
imprinting.
A
thorough
understanding,
advancement,
application
of
the
we
outline
here
will
enable
design
high-resolution
protect
future
viral
outbreaks.
Cell,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
187(12), P. 2919 - 2934.e20
Published: May 17, 2024
A
critical
roadblock
to
HIV
vaccine
development
is
the
inability
induce
B
cell
lineages
of
broadly
neutralizing
antibodies
(bnAbs)
in
humans.
In
people
living
with
HIV-1,
bnAbs
take
years
develop.
The
HVTN
133
clinical
trial
studied
a
peptide/liposome
immunogen
targeting
HIV-1
envelope
(Env)
membrane-proximal
external
region
(MPER)
(NCT03934541).
Here,
we
report
MPER
peptide-liposome
induction
polyclonal
mature
and
their
precursors,
most
potent
which
neutralized
15%
global
tier
2
strains
35%
clade
lineage
initiation
after
second
immunization.
Neutralization
was
enhanced
by
selection
improbable
mutations
that
increased
antibody
binding
gp41
lipids.
This
study
demonstrates
proof
concept
for
rapid
human
heterologous
activity
outlines
path
successful
development.
Chemical Society Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
52(15), P. 5172 - 5254
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
This
review
provides
an
introduction
of
basic
principles
adjuvanted
human
vaccines
in
clinics
and
summarizes
emerging
nanotechnology
adjuvants
vaccine
development
against
cancer
infectious
diseases.
The Lancet Regional Health - Europe,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
34, P. 100738 - 100738
Published: Oct. 26, 2023
The
current
prevention
efforts
for
STIs,
HIV
and
viral
hepatitis
in
the
WHO
European
Region,
especially
Central
Eastern
subregions,
are
hindered
by
healthcare
disparities,
data
gaps,
limited
resources.
In
this
comprehensive
narrative
review,
we
aim
to
highlight
both
achievements
persisting
challenges
while
also
exploring
new
developments
that
could
significantly
impact
of
these
infections
near
future.
While
pre-exposure
prophylaxis
(PrEP)
has
been
broadly
approved
implemented
38
out
53
countries
region,
remain,
including
cost,
licensing,
incomplete
adherence.
We
explore
innovative
approaches
like
on-demand
PrEP,
long-acting
injectable
cabotegravir,
intravaginal
rings
have
shown
promising
results,
alongside
use
six-monthly
lenacapavir,
outcomes
which
pending.
Additionally,
potential
doxycycline
post-exposure
discussed,
revealing
efficacy
reducing
chlamydia
syphilis
risk,
but
effectiveness
against
gonorrhoea
being
contingent
on
tetracycline
resistance
rates,
need
further
determine
development
other
bacteria
its
gut
microbiome.
examine
successful
vaccination
campaigns
HBV
HPV,
ongoing
vaccines
chlamydia,
syphilis,
herpesvirus,
gonorrhoea,
vaccine
research,
lines
research
with
significant
sequential
immunization,
T-cell
responses,
mRNA
technology.
This
review
underscores
endeavors
pave
way
a
more
resilient
robust
approach
combating
HIV,
region.
Viruses,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(12), P. 2378 - 2378
Published: Dec. 3, 2023
Efficient
and
targeted
delivery
of
a
DNA
payload
is
vital
for
developing
safe
gene
therapy.
Owing
to
the
recent
success
commercial
oncolytic
vector
multiple
COVID-19
vaccines,
adenovirus
vectors
are
back
in
spotlight.
Adenovirus
can
be
used
therapy
by
altering
wild-type
virus
making
it
replication-defective;
specific
viral
genes
removed
replaced
with
segment
that
holds
therapeutic
gene,
this
as
vehicle
tissue
delivery.
Modified
conditionally
replicative–oncolytic
adenoviruses
target
tumors
exclusively
have
been
studied
clinical
trials
extensively.
This
comprehensive
review
seeks
offer
summary
vectors,
exploring
their
characteristics,
genetic
enhancements,
diverse
applications
preclinical
settings.
A
significant
emphasis
placed
on
crucial
role
advancing
cancer
latest
breakthroughs
vaccine
various
diseases.
Additionally,
we
tackle
current
challenges
future
avenues
optimizing
promising
open
new
frontiers
fields
cell
therapies.
