Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
96(6), P. 2694 - 2715
Published: July 7, 2021
ABSTRACT
The
crisis
generated
by
the
emergence
and
pandemic
spread
of
COVID‐19
has
thrown
into
global
spotlight
dangers
associated
with
novel
diseases,
as
well
key
role
animals,
especially
wild
potential
sources
pathogens
to
humans.
There
is
a
widespread
demand
for
new
relationship
domestic
including
suggested
bans
on
hunting,
wildlife
trade,
wet
markets
or
consumption
animals.
However,
such
policies
risk
ignoring
essential
elements
problem
alienating
increasing
hardship
local
communities
across
world,
might
be
unachievable
at
scale.
thus
need
more
complex
package
policy
practical
responses.
We
undertook
solution
scan
identify
collate
161
possible
options
reducing
risks
further
epidemic
disease
transmission
from
animals
humans,
SARS‐CoV‐2
(original
variants).
include
all
categories
in
our
responses
(i.e.
wildlife,
captive,
unmanaged/feral
livestock
pets)
focus
(especially
viruses)
that,
once
transmitted
could
acquire
through
high
rates
human‐to‐human
transmission.
This
excludes
measures
prevent
well‐known
zoonotic
rabies,
that
cannot
readily
transmit
between
focused
solutions
societal
measures,
excluding
development
vaccines
other
preventive
therapeutic
medicine
veterinary
are
discussed
elsewhere.
derived
reading
scientific
literature,
NGO
position
papers,
industry
guidelines,
collating
own
experiences,
consulting
experts
different
fields.
Herein,
we
review
major
pathways
present
an
extensive
list
options.
organised
according
stages
trade
chain
encompass
can
applied
local,
regional
international
scales.
set
targeted
practitioners
makers
encourage
careful
examination
courses
action,
validating
their
impact
documenting
outcomes.
Nature,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
602(7895), P. 142 - 147
Published: Jan. 26, 2022
Public
databases
contain
a
planetary
collection
of
nucleic
acid
sequences,
but
their
systematic
exploration
has
been
inhibited
by
lack
efficient
methods
for
searching
this
corpus,
which
(at
the
time
writing)
exceeds
20
petabases
and
is
growing
exponentially1.
Here
we
developed
cloud
computing
infrastructure,
Serratus,
to
enable
ultra-high-throughput
sequence
alignment
at
petabase
scale.
We
searched
5.7
million
biologically
diverse
samples
(10.2
petabases)
hallmark
gene
RNA-dependent
RNA
polymerase
identified
well
over
105
novel
viruses,
thereby
expanding
number
known
species
roughly
an
order
magnitude.
characterized
viruses
related
coronaviruses,
hepatitis
delta
virus
huge
phages,
respectively,
analysed
environmental
reservoirs.
To
catalyse
ongoing
revolution
viral
discovery,
established
free
comprehensive
database
these
data
tools.
Expanding
diversity
can
reveal
evolutionary
origins
emerging
pathogens
improve
pathogen
surveillance
anticipation
mitigation
future
pandemics.
Nature Reviews Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
20(5), P. 299 - 314
Published: Nov. 19, 2021
In
the
past
two
decades,
three
coronaviruses
with
ancestral
origins
in
bats
have
emerged
and
caused
widespread
outbreaks
humans,
including
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2).
Since
first
SARS
epidemic
2002–2003,
appreciation
of
as
key
hosts
zoonotic
has
advanced
rapidly.
More
than
4,000
sequences
from
14
bat
families
been
identified,
yet
true
diversity
is
probably
much
greater.
Given
that
are
likely
evolutionary
source
for
several
human
coronaviruses,
strains
cause
mild
upper
tract
disease,
their
role
historic
future
pandemics
requires
ongoing
investigation.
We
review
integrate
information
on
bat–coronavirus
interactions
at
molecular,
tissue,
host
population
levels.
identify
critical
gaps
knowledge
which
relate
to
spillover
pandemic
risk,
pathways
spillover,
infection
dynamics
within
reservoir
hosts,
prior
adaptation
intermediate
transmission
viral
genotypes
or
traits
predict
capacity
potential.
Filling
these
may
help
prevent
next
pandemic.
Bats
harbour
a
multitude
owing
wide
distribution
prime
emerging
viruses.
Ruiz-Aravena,
McKee
colleagues
analyse
currently
available
discuss
recent
potential
spillovers.
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
103(3), P. 955 - 959
Published: July 23, 2020
The
COVID-19
pandemic
is
among
the
deadliest
infectious
diseases
to
have
emerged
in
recent
history.
As
with
all
past
pandemics,
specific
mechanism
of
its
emergence
humans
remains
unknown.
Nevertheless,
a
large
body
virologic,
epidemiologic,
veterinary,
and
ecologic
data
establishes
that
new
virus,
SARS-CoV-2,
evolved
directly
or
indirectly
from
β-coronavirus
sarbecovirus
(SARS-like
virus)
group
naturally
infect
bats
pangolins
Asia
Southeast
Asia.
Scientists
warned
for
decades
such
sarbecoviruses
are
poised
emerge
again
again,
identified
risk
factors,
argued
enhanced
prevention
control
efforts.
Unfortunately,
few
preventive
actions
were
taken
resulting
latest
coronavirus
detected
late
2019
which
quickly
spread
pandemically.
similar
outbreaks
future
high.
In
addition
controlling
pandemic,
we
must
undertake
vigorous
scientific,
public
health,
societal
actions,
including
significantly
increased
funding
basic
applied
research
addressing
disease
emergence,
prevent
this
tragic
history
repeating
itself.
Nature,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
613(7943), P. 340 - 344
Published: Nov. 16, 2022
During
recent
decades,
pathogens
that
originated
in
bats
have
become
an
increasing
public
health
concern.
A
major
challenge
is
to
identify
how
those
spill
over
into
human
populations
generate
a
pandemic
threat
Nature Reviews Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
20(6), P. 321 - 334
Published: Jan. 4, 2022
The
COVID-19
pandemic
has
given
the
study
of
virus
evolution
and
ecology
new
relevance.
Although
viruses
were
first
identified
more
than
a
century
ago,
we
likely
know
less
about
their
diversity
that
any
other
biological
entity.
Most
documented
animal
have
been
sampled
from
just
two
phyla
—
Chordata
Arthropoda
with
strong
bias
towards
infect
humans
or
animals
economic
social
importance,
often
in
association
disease
phenotypes.
Fortunately,
recent
development
unbiased
metagenomic
next-generation
sequencing
is
providing
richer
view
virome
shedding
light
on
evolution.
In
this
Review,
explore
our
changing
understanding
diversity,
composition
virome.
We
outline
factors
determine
phylogenetic
genomic
structure
evolutionary
timescales
show
how
impacts
assessment
risk
emergence
short
term.
also
describe
ongoing
challenges
analysis
key
themes
for
future
research.
A
central
question
major
events
history
animals,
such
as
origin
vertebrates
periodic
mass
extinction
events,
shaped
they
carry.
Harvey
Holmes
structure,
They
these
impact
emergence.
