Translational Neurodegeneration,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: Dec. 23, 2024
Abstract
Inflammasomes
represent
a
crucial
component
of
the
innate
immune
system,
which
respond
to
threats
by
recognizing
different
molecules.
These
are
known
as
pathogen-associated
molecular
patterns
(PAMPs)
or
host-derived
damage-associated
(DAMPs).
In
neurodegenerative
diseases
and
neuroinflammation,
accumulation
misfolded
proteins,
such
beta-amyloid
alpha-synuclein,
can
lead
inflammasome
activation,
resulting
in
release
interleukin
(IL)-1β
IL-18.
This
activation
also
induces
pyroptosis,
inflammatory
mediators,
exacerbates
neuroinflammation.
Increasing
evidence
suggests
that
inflammasomes
play
pivotal
role
diseases.
Therefore,
elucidating
investigating
regulation
these
is
paramount
importance.
review
primarily
focused
on
indicating
activated
through
canonical
pathway
potential
targets
for
treating
discussed.
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(4), P. 393 - 393
Published: March 25, 2024
The
aging
of
the
global
population
has
increased
prevalence
neurodegenerative
conditions.
Bacopa
monnieri
(BM),
an
herb
with
active
compounds,
such
as
bacosides
A
and
B,
betulinic
acid,
loliolide,
asiatic
quercetin,
demonstrates
potential
for
brain
health.
Limited
research
been
conducted
on
therapeutic
applications
BM
in
This
systematic
review
aims
to
project
BM’s
beneficial
role
disorders.
anti-apoptotic
antioxidant
actions
can
repair
damaged
neurons,
stimulate
kinase
activity,
restore
synaptic
function,
improve
nerve
transmission,
increase
neuroprotection.
included
twenty-two
clinical
trials
demonstrated
that
reduce
Nuclear
Factor-κB
phosphorylation,
emotional
cognitive
functions,
anhedonia,
hyperactivity,
sleep
routine,
depression,
attention
deficit,
learning
problems,
memory
retention,
impulsivity,
psychiatric
problems.
Moreover,
levels
pro-inflammatory
biomarkers
oxidative
stress.
Here,
we
highlight
provides
notable
benefits
serve
a
complementary
approach
care
patients
conditions
associated
adds
growing
interest
natural
products
their
by
improving
our
understanding
mechanisms
underlying
function
neurodegeneration
informing
development
new
strategies
diseases.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(6), P. 511 - 511
Published: March 14, 2024
Neuroinflammatory
and
neurodegenerative
disorders
including
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD),
Parkinson’s
(PD),
traumatic
brain
injury
(TBI)
Amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis
(ALS)
are
chronic
major
health
disorders.
The
exact
mechanism
of
the
neuroimmune
dysfunctions
these
pathogeneses
is
currently
not
clearly
understood.
These
show
dysregulated
inflammatory
responses,
activation
neurons,
glial
cells,
neurovascular
unit
damage
associated
with
excessive
release
proinflammatory
cytokines,
chemokines,
neurotoxic
mediators,
infiltration
peripheral
immune
cells
into
brain,
as
well
entry
mediators
through
damaged
endothelial
blood–brain
barrier
tight
junction
proteins.
Activation
leads
to
many
molecules
that
cause
neuroinflammation
neurodegeneration.
Gulf
War
Illness
(GWI)
myalgic
encephalomyelitis/chronic
fatigue
syndrome
(ME/CFS)
also
dysfunctions.
Currently,
there
no
effective
disease-modifying
therapeutic
options
available
for
diseases.
Human
induced
pluripotent
stem
cell
(iPSC)-derived
astrocytes,
microglia,
pericytes
used
models
drug
discovery.
This
review
highlights
certain
recent
trends
in
neuroinflammatory
responses
iPSC-derived
applications
Journal of Neuroimmunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
390, P. 578342 - 578342
Published: April 5, 2024
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
a
neurodegenerative
characterized
by
cognitive
decline
that
severely
affects
patients
and
their
families.
Genetic
environmental
risk
factors,
such
as
viral
infections,
synergize
to
accelerate
the
aging-associated
neurodegeneration.
factors
for
late-onset
AD
(LOAD),
which
accounts
most
cases,
are
predominantly
implicated
in
microglial
immune
cell
functions.
As
such,
microglia
play
major
role
amyloid
beta
(Aβ)
plaque
(the
pathological
hallmark
of
AD)
formation.
This
review
aims
provide
an
overview
current
knowledge
regarding
Aβ
formation,
well
impact
on
morphological
functional
diversity
plaques.
Based
this
discussion,
we
seek
identify
challenges
opportunities
field
with
potential
therapeutic
implications.
Journal of Neuroinflammation,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: Feb. 7, 2025
Mitochondrial
dysfunction
is
a
pivotal
instigator
of
neuroinflammation,
with
mitochondrial
DNA
(mtDNA)
leakage
as
critical
intermediary.
This
review
delineates
the
intricate
pathways
leading
to
mtDNA
release,
which
include
membrane
permeabilization,
vesicular
trafficking,
disruption
homeostatic
regulation,
and
abnormalities
in
dynamics.
The
escaped
activates
cytosolic
sensors,
especially
cyclic
gmp-amp
synthase
(cGAS)
signalling
inflammasome,
initiating
neuroinflammatory
cascades
via
pathways,
exacerbating
spectrum
neurological
pathologies.
therapeutic
promise
targeting
discussed
detail,
underscoring
necessity
for
multifaceted
strategy
that
encompasses
preservation
homeostasis,
prevention
leakage,
reestablishment
dynamics,
inhibition
activation
sensors.
Advancing
our
understanding
complex
interplay
between
neuroinflammation
imperative
developing
precision
interventions
disorders.
Progress in Retinal and Eye Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
101, P. 101263 - 101263
Published: April 23, 2024
Retinal
diseases
encompass
various
conditions
associated
with
sight-threatening
immune
responses
and
are
leading
causes
of
blindness
worldwide.
These
include
age-related
macular
degeneration,
diabetic
retinopathy,
glaucoma
uveitis.
Emerging
evidence
underscores
the
vital
role
innate
response
in
retinal
diseases,
beyond
previously
emphasized
T-cell-driven
processes
adaptive
system.
In
particular,
pyroptosis,
a
newly
discovered
programmed
cell
death
process
involving
inflammasome
formation,
has
been
implicated
loss
membrane
integrity
release
inflammatory
cytokines.
Several
disease-relevant
animal
models
have
provided
that
formation
inflammasomes
induction
pyroptosis
cells
contribute
to
inflammation
diseases.
this
review
article,
we
summarize
current
knowledge
about
system
We
also
provide
insights
into
translational
targeting
approaches,
including
novel
drugs
countering
improve
diagnosis
treatment
Immunological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
327(1), P. 8 - 32
Published: Oct. 1, 2024
Neuroinflammation,
characterized
by
a
complex
interplay
among
innate
and
adaptive
immune
responses
within
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS),
is
crucial
in
responding
to
infections,
injuries,
disease
pathologies.
However,
dysregulation
of
neuroinflammatory
response
could
significantly
affect
neurons
terms
function
structure,
leading
profound
health
implications.
Although
tremendous
progress
has
been
made
understanding
relationship
between
processes
alterations
neuronal
integrity,
specific
implications
concerning
both
structure
have
not
extensively
covered,
with
exception
perspectives
on
glial
activation
neurodegeneration.
Thus,
this
review
aims
provide
comprehensive
overview
multifaceted
interactions
key
inflammatory
players,
exploring
mechanisms
through
which
inflammation
influences
functionality
structural
integrity
CNS.
Further,
it
will
discuss
how
these
lead
impairment
functions
architecture
highlight
consequences
caused
dysregulated
functions,
such
as
cognitive
dysfunction
mood
disorders.
By
integrating
insights
from
recent
research
findings,
enhance
our
landscape
set
stage
for
future
interventions
that
transform
current
approaches
preserve
CNS-related
conditions.
Acta Epileptologica,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
7(1)
Published: Jan. 10, 2025
Abstract
Febrile
infection-related
epilepsy
syndrome
(FIRES)
is
a
rare
with
unclear
pathogenesis,
characterized
by
fever-induced,
super-refractory
status
epilepticus
and
high
mortality.
Studies
have
shown
that
ketogenic
diet
(KD)
effective
in
controlling
convulsions
FIRES,
but
its
mechanisms
are
unclear.
This
paper
intends
to
summarize
the
which
KD
may
exert
effects
against
FIRES.
Clinical
studies
patients
FIRES
elevated
levels
of
various
inflammatory
factors
such
as
interleukin
(IL)-6,
IL-8,
IL-10,
so
on.
anti-FIRES
through
several
potential
pathways,
including
nuclear
factor
-κB
(NF-κB)
NLR
family
pyrin
domain
containing
3
(NLRP3).
Furthermore,
Kyoto
Encyclopedia
Genes
Genomes
(KEGG)
network
suggested
play
an
anti-inflammatory
role
pathways
cellular
senescence
neutrophil
extracellular
trap
formation.
These
need
be
further
investigated.
