From Lab to Life: Exploring Cutting-Edge Models for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 613 - 613

Published: March 8, 2024

Neuroscience, neurology, and psychiatry are rapidly evolving fields that aim to understand the complex mechanisms underlying brain function dysfunction, as well develop effective interventions for various neurological psychiatric disorders [...]

Language: Английский

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What emotions might be like in other animals

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31(13), P. R824 - R829

Published: July 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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Association of Generalized Anxiety Disorder With Autonomic Hypersensitivity and Blunted Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Activity During Peripheral Adrenergic Stimulation

JAMA Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 79(4), P. 323 - 323

Published: Feb. 2, 2022

β-Adrenergic stimulation elicits heart palpitations and dyspnea, key features of acute anxiety sympathetic arousal, yet no neuroimaging studies have examined how the pharmacologic modulation interoceptive signals is associated with fear-related neurocircuitry in individuals generalized disorder (GAD).To examine neural circuitry underlying autonomic arousal induced via isoproterenol, a rapidly acting, peripheral β-adrenergic agonist akin to adrenaline.This crossover randomized clinical trial 58 women artifact-free data was conducted from January 1, 2017, November 31, 2019, at Laureate Institute for Brain Research Tulsa, Oklahoma.Functional magnetic resonance imaging used assess responses during intravenous bolus infusions isoproterenol (0.5 2.0 μg) saline, each administered twice double-blind fashion.Blood oxygen level-dependent across whole brain administration patients GAD vs healthy comparators. Cardiac respiratory responses, as well awareness anxiety, were also measured infusion protocol.Of female study participants, 29 had (mean [SD] age, 26.9 [6.8] years) matched comparators 24.4 [5.0] years). During 0.5-μg dose group exhibited higher rate (b = 5.34; 95% CI, 2.06-8.61; P .002), intensity ratings cardiorespiratory sensations 8.38; 2.05-14.71; .01), levels self-reported 1.04; 0.33-1.76; .005), significant hypoactivation ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) that evident throughout peak response (Cohen d 1.55; < .001) early recovery 1.52; periods. Correlational analysis physiological subjective indexes percentage signal change extracted revealed vmPFC inversely correlated (r56 -0.51, adjusted retrospective both heartbeat -0.50, .002) breathing -0.44, .01) sensations. Ventromedial continuous dial trend level -0.38, .051), whereas -0.28, .27) chronotropic 25 -0.14, .72) showed such association.In this trial, hypersensitivity low adrenergic characterized by elevated rate, heightened awareness, increased blunted localized vmPFC. These findings support notion hyperarousal may be regulatory dysfunctions vmPFC, which could serve treatment target help more appropriately appraise regulate arousal.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02615119.

Language: Английский

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A dorsomedial prefrontal cortex-based dynamic functional connectivity model of rumination

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: June 15, 2023

Abstract Rumination is a cognitive style characterized by repetitive thoughts about one’s negative internal states and common symptom of depression. Previous studies have linked trait rumination to alterations in the default mode network, but predictive brain markers are lacking. Here, we adopt modeling approach develop neuroimaging marker based on variance dynamic resting-state functional connectivity test it across 5 diverse subclinical clinical samples (total n = 288). A whole-brain with dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) emerges as generalizable datasets. refined consisting most important features from virtual lesion analysis further predicts depression scores adults major depressive disorder ( 35). This study highlights role dmPFC provides for rumination.

Language: Английский

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A cultural-ecosocial systems view for psychiatry

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 13, 2023

While contemporary psychiatry seeks the mechanisms of mental disorders in neurobiology, health problems clearly depend on developmental processes learning and adaptation through ongoing interactions with social environment. Symptoms or emerge specific contexts involve predicaments that cannot be fully characterized terms brain function but require a larger social-ecological view. Causal result can begin anywhere within extended system body-person-environment. In particular, individuals' narrative self-construal, culturally mediated interpretations symptoms coping strategies as well responses others world contribute to disorders, illness experience, recovery. this paper, we outline conceptual basis practical implications hierarchical ecosocial systems view for an integrative approach psychiatric theory practice. The cultural-ecosocial propose understands mind, person situated constituted by cultural self-reflexive processes. This incorporated into pragmatic clinical assessment case formulation characterizes pathology identifies targets intervention.

Language: Английский

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Integrating neuroscience in psychiatry: a cultural–ecosocial systemic approach

The Lancet Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 296 - 304

Published: Feb. 22, 2023

Language: Английский

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From Lab to Life: Exploring Cutting-Edge Models for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

Published: March 5, 2024

Delve into the dynamic realms of neuroscience, neurology, and psychiatry with this groundbreaking editorial, unveiling intricate mechanisms brain function dysfunction. Explore latest advancements in molecular biology, genetics, epigenetics, pharmacology, neuroimaging that are revolutionizing our understanding neurological psychiatric disorders. Uncover challenges gaps translating cutting-edge research practical clinical applications, aiming to enhance lives patients their families. Discover pivotal role neuroplasticity reshaping brain's adaptability throughout life, alongside promising potential non-invasive stimulation techniques like transcranial magnetic direct current stimulation. Embark on a journey innovation collaboration as researchers clinicians strive bridge gap between bench bedside, offering hope for improved diagnosis, prevention, treatment complex conditions. Join us exploration transformative ideas novel interventions hold key brighter future individuals society.

Language: Английский

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Placebo treatment affects brain systems related to affective and cognitive processes, but not nociceptive pain

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: July 17, 2024

Abstract Drug treatments for pain often do not outperform placebo, and a better understanding of placebo mechanisms is needed to improve treatment development clinical practice. In large-scale fMRI study ( N = 392) with pre-registered analyses, we tested whether analgesic modulates nociceptive processes, its effects generalize from conditioned unconditioned modalities. Placebo caused robust analgesia in thermal that generalized mechanical pain. However, did decrease pain-related activity brain measures linked pain, including the Neurologic Pain Signature (NPS) spinothalamic pathway regions, strong support null Bayes Factor analyses. addition, surprisingly, increased some regions contrast, reduced neuromarker associated higher-level contributions Stimulus Intensity Independent (SIIPS), affected related motivation value, both Individual differences behavioral were correlated neural changes Our results indicate cognitive affective processes primarily drive analgesia, show potential neuromarkers separating influences on nociception evaluative processes.

Language: Английский

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A systems identification approach using Bayes factors to deconstruct the brain bases of emotion regulation

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(5), P. 975 - 987

Published: March 22, 2024

Language: Английский

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2025 iCatCare consensus guidelines on the diagnosis and management of lower urinary tract diseases in cats

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 27(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Practical relevance: Lower urinary tract signs (LUTS) such as dysuria, haematuria, periuria, pollakiuria and stranguria can occur the result of a variety underlying conditions diagnostic investigation is required to uncover cause select appropriate treatment. Aim: The '2025 iCatCare consensus guidelines on diagnosis management lower diseases in cats' provide an overview common presenting caused by feline (LUT) cats, which often are indistinguishable between different causes. Guidelines set out approach affected cats before focusing most causes LUTS: idiopathic cystitis (FIC), urolithiasis, infection urethral obstruction. aim practitioners with practical information these problematic conditions. Clinical challenges: fact that LUTS similar despite creates challenge. LUTS, FIC, challenging manage due complex pathogenesis involving organs outside LUT. Urethral obstruction life-threatening complication various LUT recurrent lead relinquishment or euthanasia cats. Evidence base: These have been created panel experts brought together International Cat Care (iCatCare) Veterinary Society (formerly Feline Medicine [ISFM]). Information based available literature, expert opinion members' experience.

Language: Английский

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