Atmospheric chemistry and physics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
23(14), P. 8259 - 8269
Published: July 25, 2023
Abstract.
New
regulations
from
the
International
Maritime
Organization
(IMO)
limiting
sulfur
emissions
shipping
industry
are
expected
to
have
large
benefits
in
terms
of
public
health
but
may
come
with
an
undesired
side
effect:
acceleration
global
warming
as
climate-cooling
effects
ship
pollution
on
marine
clouds
diminished.
Previous
work
has
found
a
substantial
decrease
detection
tracks
after
IMO
2020
went
into
effect,
changes
large-scale
cloud
properties
been
more
equivocal.
Using
statistical
technique
that
estimates
counterfactual
fields
what
and
radiative
within
isolated
corridor
southeastern
Atlantic
would
absence
shipping,
we
confidently
detect
reduction
magnitude
droplet
effective
radius
decreases
find
evidence
for
brightening
well.
The
instantaneous
forcing
due
aerosol–cloud
interactions
is
estimated
O(1
W
m−2)
corridor,
lending
credence
O(0.1
m−2).
In
addition
their
geophysical
significance,
our
results
also
provide
independent
general
compliance
regulations.
<p>Aerosol
radiative
forcing
plays
an
important
role
in
the
attribution
of
past
climate
changes,
estimates
future
allowable
carbon
emissions,
and
assessment
potential
geoengineering
solutions.
Substantial
progress
made
over
40
years
observing,
understanding,
modelling
aerosol
processes
helped
quantify
forcing,
but
uncertainties
remain
large.</p><p>In
spring
2018,
under
auspices
World
Climate
Research
Programme's
Grand
Science
Challenge
on
Clouds,
Circulation
Sensitivity,
thirty-six
experts
gathered
to
take
a
fresh
comprehensive
look
at
present
understanding
identify
prospects
for
some
most
pressing
open
questions.
The
outcome
that
meeting
is
review
paper,
Bellouin
et
al.
(2019),
accepted
publication
Reviews
Geophysics.
This
provides
new
range
industrial
era
based
multiple,
traceable
arguable
lines
evidence,
including
approaches,
theoretical
considerations,
observations.
A
substantial
achievement
focus
evidence
rather
than
survey
results
or
expert
judgement,
make
questions
much
more
specific.</p><p>This
talk
will
key
messages
arguments
work
show
promise
improving
quantification
forcing.</p>
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
117(30), P. 17591 - 17598
Published: July 13, 2020
Significance
All
cloud
droplets
on
Earth
form
from
tiny
airborne
particles
known
as
aerosols.
Additional
aerosols
anthropogenic
activity
have
produced
more
but
at
smaller
sizes.
The
smaller,
numerous
in
clouds
do
not
collide
effectively,
therefore
resulting
less
precipitation.
Using
a
combination
of
time-lapse
satellite
imagery
and
air
mass
trajectory
modeling,
we
show
that
can
enhance
fraction
extend
the
lifetime
overcast
fields
primarily
under
stable
atmospheric
conditions
typically
found
off
west
coasts
subtropical
stratocumulus-dominated
regions.
Longer-lived
stronger
cooling
influence
climate
therefore,
need
to
be
correctly
parameterized
models
so
accurate
projections
change
achieved.
Science,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
371(6528), P. 485 - 489
Published: Jan. 28, 2021
Making
tracks
The
magnitude
of
the
effect
anthropogenic
aerosols
on
formation
clouds
is
an
important
unknown
about
how
humans
are
affecting
climate.
Studies
stratocumulus
cloud
that
formed
by
ship
exhaust
have
been
used
to
estimate
radiative
impact
this
process,
but
Glassmeier
et
al.
now
show
approach
overestimates
cooling
aerosol
addition
up
200%.
These
findings
underscore
need
quantify
responses
understand
climate
system.
Science
,
issue
p.
485
Geophysical Research Letters,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
47(14)
Published: July 9, 2020
Abstract
The
Atlantic
Meridional
Overturning
Circulation
(AMOC)
has
been,
and
will
continue
to
be,
a
key
factor
in
the
modulation
of
climate
change
both
locally
globally.
However,
there
remains
considerable
uncertainty
recent
AMOC
evolution.
Here,
we
show
that
multimodel
mean
strengthened
by
approximately
10%
from
1850–1985
new
simulations
6th
Coupled
Model
Intercomparison
Project
(CMIP6),
larger
than
was
seen
CMIP5.
Across
models,
strength
trend
up
1985
is
related
proxy
for
aerosol
forcing.
Therefore,
difference
result
stronger
anthropogenic
forcing
on
average
CMIP6
CMIP5,
which
primarily
due
more
models
including
aerosol‐cloud
interactions.
observational
constraints—including
historical
sea
surface
temperature
fingerprint
shortwave
radiative
decades—suggest
and/or
response
may
be
overestimated.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
117(32), P. 18998 - 19006
Published: July 27, 2020
Significance
Enhancement
of
aerosol
that
can
nucleate
cloud
droplets
increases
the
droplet
number
concentration
and
albedo
clouds.
This
amount
sunlight
reflected
to
space.
Uncertainty
in
how
aerosol−cloud
interactions
over
industrial
period
have
increased
planetary
by
this
mechanism
leads
significant
uncertainty
climate
projections.
Our
work
presents
a
method
for
observationally
constraining
change
due
anthropogenic
emissions:
hemispheric
difference
remotely
sensed
between
pristine
Southern
Ocean
(a
preindustrial
proxy)
polluted
Northern
Hemisphere.
Application
constraint
models
reduces
range
estimated
since
industrialization
suggests
current
underpredict
era.
Atmospheric chemistry and physics,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
21(2), P. 1049 - 1084
Published: Jan. 27, 2021
Abstract.
The
representations
of
clouds,
aerosols,
and
cloud–aerosol–radiation
impacts
remain
some
the
largest
uncertainties
in
climate
change,
limiting
our
ability
to
accurately
reconstruct
past
predict
future
climate.
south-east
Atlantic
is
a
region
where
high
atmospheric
aerosol
loadings
semi-permanent
stratocumulus
clouds
are
co-located,
providing
an
optimum
for
studying
full
range
aerosol–radiation
aerosol–cloud
interactions
their
perturbations
Earth's
radiation
budget.
While
satellite
measurements
have
provided
useful
insights
into
over
region,
these
observations
do
not
spatial
temporal
resolution,
nor
required
level
precision
allow
process-level
assessment.
Detailed
from
resolution
airborne
very
sparse,
use
assessing
performance
modelling
numerical
weather
prediction
models.
CLARIFY-2017
was
major
consortium
programme
consisting
five
principal
UK
universities
with
project
partners
Met
Office
European-
USA-based
research
centres
involved
complementary
ORACLES,
LASIC,
AEROCLO-sA
projects.
aims
were
fourfold:
(1)
improve
representation
reduce
uncertainty
model
estimates
direct,
semi-direct,
indirect
radiative
effect
absorbing
biomass
burning
aerosols;
(2)
knowledge
processes
determining
cloud
microphysical
properties
transition
cumulus
regimes;
(3)
challenge,
validate,
retrievals
impacts;
(4)
aerosols
This
paper
describes
measurement
strategies
central
deployment
FAAM
BAe146
instrumented
aircraft
campaign,
summarizes
flight
objectives
patterns,
highlights
key
results
initial
analyses.
Atmospheric chemistry and physics,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
22(1), P. 641 - 674
Published: Jan. 17, 2022
Aerosol-cloud
interactions
(ACIs)
are
considered
to
be
the
most
uncertain
driver
of
present-day
radiative
forcing
due
human
activities.
The
nonlinearity
cloud-state
changes
aerosol
perturbations
make
it
challenging
attribute
causality
in
observed
relationships
forcing.
Using
correlations
infer
can
when
meteorological
variability
also
drives
both
and
cloud
independently.
Natural
anthropogenic
from
well-defined
sources
provide
"opportunistic
experiments"
(also
known
as
natural
experiments)
investigate
ACI
cases
where
may
more
confidently
inferred.
These
cover
a
wide
range
locations
spatiotemporal
scales,
including
point
such
volcanic
eruptions
or
industrial
sources,
plumes
biomass
burning
forest
fires,
tracks
individual
ships
shipping
corridors.
We
review
different
experimental
conditions
conduct
synthesis
available
satellite
datasets
field
campaigns
place
these
opportunistic
experiments
on
common
footing,
facilitating
new
insights
clearer
understanding
key
uncertainties
Cloud
albedo
strongly
sensitive
background
conditions.
Strong
liquid
water
path
increases
largely
ruled
out
by
averaging
across
experiments.
Opportunistic
have
significantly
improved
process-level
ACI,
but
remains
unclear
how
reliably
found
scaled
global
level,
thus
demonstrating
need
for
deeper
investigation
order
improve
assessments
climate
change.
Tellus B,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
74(1), P. 24 - 24
Published: March 25, 2022
This
review
presents
how
the
boreal
and
tropical
forests
affect
atmosphere,
its
chemical
composition,
function,
further
that
affects
climate
and,
in
return,
ecosystems
through
feedback
processes.
Observations
from
key
tower
sites
standing
out
due
to
their
long-term
comprehensive
observations:
The
Amazon
Tall
Tower
Observatory
Central
Amazonia,
Zotino
Siberia,
Station
Measure
Ecosystem-Atmosphere
Relations
at
Hyytiäla
Finland.
is
complemented
by
short-term
observations
networks
large
experiments.
discusses
atmospheric
chemistry
observations,
aerosol
formation
processing,
physiochemical
aerosol,
cloud
condensation
nuclei
properties
finds
surprising
similarities
important
differences
two
ecosystems.
concentrations
are
similar,
particularly
concerning
main
components,
both
dominated
an
organic
fraction,
while
ecosystem
has
generally
higher
of
inorganics,
influence
long-range
transported
air
pollution.
emissions
biogenic
volatile
compounds
isoprene
monoterpene
regions,
respectively,
being
precursors
fraction.
modeling
studies
show
change
deforestation
such
carbon
hydrological
cycles
Amazonia
changing
neutrality
precipitation
downwind.
In
Africa,
so
far
maintaining
sink.
It
urgent
better
understand
interaction
between
these
major
ecosystems,
climate,
which
calls
for
more
observation
sites,
providing
data
on
water,
carbon,
other
biogeochemical
cycles.
essential
finding
a
sustainable
balance
forest
preservation
reforestation
versus
potential
increase
food
production
biofuels,
critical
services
global
stability.
Reducing
warming
vital
forests.