Bioactive Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
28, P. 386 - 401
Published: June 16, 2023
Organoids
are
in
vitro
model
systems
that
mimic
the
complexity
of
organs
with
multicellular
structures
and
functions,
which
provide
great
potential
for
biomedical
tissue
engineering.
However,
their
current
formation
heavily
relies
on
using
complex
animal-derived
extracellular
matrices
(ECM),
such
as
Matrigel.
These
often
poorly
defined
chemical
components
exhibit
limited
tunability
reproducibility.
Recently,
biochemical
biophysical
properties
hydrogels
can
be
precisely
tuned,
offering
broader
opportunities
to
support
development
maturation
organoids.
In
this
review,
fundamental
ECM
vivo
critical
strategies
design
organoid
culture
summarized.
Two
typically
derived
from
natural
synthetic
polymers
applicability
improve
organoids
presented.
The
representative
applications
incorporating
into
highlighted.
Finally,
some
challenges
future
perspectives
also
discussed
developing
advanced
technologies
toward
supporting
research.
Organoids
have
attracted
increasing
attention
because
they
are
simple
tissue-engineered
cell-based
in
vitro
models
that
recapitulate
many
aspects
of
the
complex
structure
and
function
corresponding
vivo
tissue.
They
can
be
dissected
interrogated
for
fundamental
mechanistic
studies
on
development,
regeneration,
repair
human
tissues.
also
used
diagnostics,
disease
modeling,
drug
discovery,
personalized
medicine.
derived
from
either
pluripotent
or
tissue-resident
stem
(embryonic
adult)
progenitor
differentiated
cells
healthy
diseased
tissues,
such
as
tumors.
To
date,
numerous
organoid
engineering
strategies
support
culture
growth,
proliferation,
differentiation
maturation
been
reported.
This
Primer
serves
to
highlight
rationale
underlying
selection
development
these
materials
methods
control
cellular/tissue
niche;
therefore,
engineered
organoid.
We
discuss
key
considerations
generating
robust
organoids,
those
related
cell
isolation
seeding,
matrix
soluble
factor
selection,
physical
cues
integration.
The
general
standards
data
quality,
reproducibility
deposition
within
community
is
outlined.
Lastly,
we
conclude
by
elaborating
limitations
organoids
different
applications,
priorities
coming
years.
Science,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
375(6576)
Published: Jan. 6, 2022
Epithelial
organoids
are
stem
cell–derived
tissues
that
approximate
aspects
of
real
organs,
and
thus
they
have
potential
as
powerful
tools
in
basic
translational
research.
By
definition,
self-organize,
but
the
structures
formed
often
heterogeneous
irreproducible,
which
limits
their
use
lab
clinic.
We
describe
methodologies
for
spatially
temporally
controlling
organoid
formation,
thereby
rendering
a
stochastic
process
more
deterministic.
Bioengineered
cell
microenvironments
used
to
specify
initial
geometry
intestinal
organoids,
turn
controls
patterning
crypt
formation.
leveraged
reproducibility
predictability
culture
identify
underlying
mechanisms
epithelial
patterning,
may
contribute
reinforcing
regionalization
vivo.
culture,
we
demonstrate
how
these
can
be
answer
questions
not
readily
addressable
with
standard,
variable,
models.
