Cell Death and Differentiation,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
29(6), P. 1107 - 1122
Published: May 17, 2022
Abstract
The
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
has
been
a
global
pandemic
for
more
than
2
years
and
it
still
impacts
our
daily
lifestyle
quality
in
unprecedented
ways.
A
better
understanding
of
immunity
its
regulation
response
to
SARS-CoV-2
infection
is
urgently
needed.
Based
on
the
current
literature,
we
review
here
various
virus
mutations
evolving
manifestations
along
with
alterations
immune
responses
specific
focuses
innate
response,
neutrophil
extracellular
traps,
humoral
immunity,
cellular
immunity.
Different
types
vaccines
were
compared
analyzed
based
their
unique
properties
elicit
Various
therapeutic
strategies
such
as
antibody,
anti-viral
medications
inflammation
control
discussed.
We
predict
that
available
continuously
emerging
new
technologies,
powerful
administration
schedules,
effective
public
health
measures,
COVID-19
will
be
under
near
future.
Science,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
375(6585), P. 1122 - 1127
Published: March 10, 2022
Considerable
research
effort
has
been
made
worldwide
to
decipher
the
immune
response
triggered
upon
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
infections,
identify
drivers
of
and
fatal
COVID-19,
understand
what
leads
prolongation
symptoms
after
disease
resolution.
We
review
results
almost
years
COVID-19
immunology
discuss
definitive
findings
remaining
questions
regarding
our
understanding
pathophysiology.
emerging
differences
in
responses
seen
those
with
without
Long
Covid
syndrome,
also
known
as
post-acute
sequelae
SARS-CoV-2.
hope
that
knowledge
gained
from
this
will
be
applied
studies
inflammatory
processes
involved
critical
chronic
illnesses,
which
remain
a
major
unmet
need.
Clinical Infectious Diseases,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
76(3), P. e487 - e490
Published: Aug. 31, 2022
The
diagnosis
of
postacute
sequelae
coronavirus
disease
2019
(PASC)
poses
an
ongoing
medical
challenge.
To
identify
biomarkers
associated
with
PASC
we
analyzed
plasma
samples
collected
from
and
patients
to
quantify
viral
antigens
inflammatory
markers.
We
detect
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
2
spike
predominantly
in
up
12
months
after
diagnosis.
Cell,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
186(22), P. 4851 - 4867.e20
Published: Oct. 1, 2023
Post-acute
sequelae
of
COVID-19
(PASC,
"Long
COVID")
pose
a
significant
global
health
challenge.
The
pathophysiology
is
unknown,
and
no
effective
treatments
have
been
found
to
date.
Several
hypotheses
formulated
explain
the
etiology
PASC,
including
viral
persistence,
chronic
inflammation,
hypercoagulability,
autonomic
dysfunction.
Here,
we
propose
mechanism
that
links
all
four
in
single
pathway
provides
actionable
insights
for
therapeutic
interventions.
We
find
PASC
are
associated
with
serotonin
reduction.
Viral
infection
type
I
interferon-driven
inflammation
reduce
through
three
mechanisms:
diminished
intestinal
absorption
precursor
tryptophan;
platelet
hyperactivation
thrombocytopenia,
which
impacts
storage;
enhanced
MAO-mediated
turnover.
Peripheral
reduction,
turn,
impedes
activity
vagus
nerve
thereby
impairs
hippocampal
responses
memory.
These
findings
provide
possible
explanation
neurocognitive
symptoms
persistence
Long
COVID,
may
extend
other
post-viral
syndromes.
