Cancer and Metastasis Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
42(3), P. 601 - 627
Published: Feb. 24, 2023
Every
sixth
person
in
the
world
dies
due
to
cancer,
making
it
second
leading
severe
cause
of
death
after
cardiovascular
diseases.
According
WHO,
cancer
claimed
nearly
10
million
deaths
2020.
The
most
common
types
cancers
reported
have
been
breast
(lung,
colon
and
rectum,
prostate
cases),
skin
(non-melanoma)
stomach.
In
addition
surgery,
widely
used
traditional
anti-cancer
treatment
are
radio-
chemotherapy.
However,
these
do
not
distinguish
between
normal
malignant
cells.
Additional
methods
evolved
over
time
for
early
detection
targeted
therapy
cancer.
each
method
has
its
limitations
associated
costs
quite
high
with
adverse
effects
on
quality
life
patients.
Use
individual
atoms
or
a
cluster
(nanoparticles)
can
paradigm
shift
by
virtue
providing
point
sight
sensing
diagnosis
Nanoparticles
(1-100
nm
size)
1000
times
smaller
size
than
human
cell
endowed
safer
relocation
capability
attack
mechanically
chemically
at
precise
location
which
is
one
avenue
that
be
destroy
cells
precisely.
This
review
summarises
extant
understanding
work
done
this
area
pave
way
physicians
accelerate
use
hybrid
mode
treatments
leveraging
various
nanoparticles.
SAGE Open Medicine,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
9
Published: Jan. 1, 2021
Cancer
is
a
global
health
problem
responsible
for
one
in
six
deaths
worldwide.
Treating
cancer
has
been
highly
complex
process.
Conventional
treatment
approaches,
such
as
surgery,
chemotherapy,
and
radiotherapy,
have
use,
while
significant
advances
are
being
made
recent
times,
including
stem
cell
therapy,
targeted
ablation
nanoparticles,
natural
antioxidants,
radionics,
chemodynamic
sonodynamic
ferroptosis-based
therapy.
Current
methods
oncology
focus
on
the
development
of
safe
efficient
nanomedicines.
Stem
therapy
brought
promising
efficacy
regenerating
repairing
diseased
or
damaged
tissues
by
targeting
both
primary
metastatic
foci,
nanoparticles
new
diagnostic
therapeutic
options.
Targeted
possessed
breakthrough
potential
inhibiting
growth
spread
specific
cells,
causing
less
damage
to
healthy
cells.
Ablation
emerged
minimally
invasive
procedure
that
burns
freezes
cancers
without
need
open
surgery.
Natural
antioxidants
demonstrated
tracking
down
free
radicals
neutralizing
their
harmful
effects
thereby
treating
preventing
cancer.
Several
technologies
currently
under
research
clinical
trials,
some
them
already
approved.
This
review
presented
an
update
breakthroughs
therapies.
Cancer Discovery,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
11(4), P. 858 - 873
Published: April 1, 2021
Over
the
past
10
years,
circulating
tumor
cells
(CTC)
and
DNA
(ctDNA)
have
received
enormous
attention
as
new
biomarkers
subjects
of
translational
research.
Although
both
are
already
used
in
numerous
clinical
trials,
their
utility
is
still
under
investigation
with
promising
first
results.
Clinical
applications
include
early
cancer
detection,
improved
staging,
detection
relapse,
real-time
monitoring
therapeutic
efficacy,
targets
resistance
mechanisms.
Here,
we
propose
a
conceptual
framework
CTC
ctDNA
assays
point
out
current
challenges
research,
which
might
structure
this
dynamic
field
SIGNIFICANCE:
The
analysis
blood
for
CTCs
or
cell-free
nucleic
acids
called
"liquid
biopsy"
has
opened
avenues
diagnostics,
including
tumors,
risk
assessment
well
relapse
evolution
context
therapies.
Cancers,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
13(11), P. 2748 - 2748
Published: June 1, 2021
The
epidermal
growth
factor
receptor
(EGFR)
has
served
as
the
founding
member
of
large
family
receptors
harboring
intrinsic
tyrosine
kinase
function.
High
abundance
EGFR
and
internal
deletions
are
frequently
observed
in
brain
tumors,
whereas
point
mutations
small
insertions
within
domain
common
lung
cancer.
For
these
reasons
its
preferred
heterodimer
partner,
HER2/ERBB2,
became
popular
targets
anti-cancer
therapies.
Nevertheless,
research
keeps
revealing
unexpected
observations,
which
reviewed
herein.
Once
activated
by
a
ligand,
initiates
time-dependent
series
molecular
switches
comprising
downregulation
cohort
microRNAs,
up-regulation
newly
synthesized
mRNAs,
covalent
protein
modifications,
collectively
controlling
phenotype-determining
genes.
In
addition
to
long
non-coding
RNAs
circular
play
critical
roles
signaling.
Along
with
driver
mutations,
drives
metastasis
many
ways.
Paracrine
loops
tumor
stromal
cells
enable
fuel
invasion
across
tissue
barriers,
survival
clusters
circulating
cells,
well
colonization
distant
organs.
We
conclude
listing
all
clinically
approved
drugs
targeting
either
or
HER2.
Because
emergence
drug
resistance
is
nearly
inevitable,
we
discuss
major
evasion
mechanisms.
Cancer Discovery,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
11(4), P. 971 - 994
Published: April 1, 2021
Abstract
Metastasis
is
initiated
and
sustained
through
therapy
by
cancer
cells
with
stem-like
immune-evasive
properties,
termed
metastasis-initiating
(MIC).
Recent
progress
suggests
that
MICs
result
from
the
adoption
of
a
normal
regenerative
progenitor
phenotype
malignant
cells,
intrinsic
programs
to
survive
stresses
metastatic
process,
undergo
epithelial–mesenchymal
transitions,
enter
slow-cycling
states
for
dormancy,
evade
immune
surveillance,
establish
supportive
interactions
organ-specific
niches,
co-opt
systemic
factors
growth
recurrence
after
therapy.
Mechanistic
understanding
molecular
mediators
MIC
phenotypes
host
tissue
ecosystems
could
yield
therapeutics
improve
patient
outcomes.
Significance:
Understanding
origins,
traits,
vulnerabilities
capacity
initiate
metastasis
in
distant
organs,
microenvironments
support
ability
these
surveillance
regenerate
tumor,
critical
developing
strategies
prevention
treatment
advanced
cancer.
Leveraging
recent
our
here
we
review
nature
their
offer
perspective
on
how
this
knowledge
informing
innovative
treatments
cancers.
Cell,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
185(11), P. 1905 - 1923.e25
Published: May 1, 2022
Tumor
evolution
is
driven
by
the
progressive
acquisition
of
genetic
and
epigenetic
alterations
that
enable
uncontrolled
growth
expansion
to
neighboring
distal
tissues.
The
study
phylogenetic
relationships
between
cancer
cells
provides
key
insights
into
these
processes.
Here,
we
introduced
an
evolving
lineage-tracing
system
with
a
single-cell
RNA-seq
readout
mouse
model
Kras;Trp53(KP)-driven
lung
adenocarcinoma
tracked
tumor
from
single-transformed
metastatic
tumors
at
unprecedented
resolution.
We
found
loss
initial,
stable
alveolar-type2-like
state
was
accompanied
transient
increase
in
plasticity.
This
followed
adoption
distinct
transcriptional
programs
rapid
and,
ultimately,
clonal
sweep
subclones
capable
metastasizing.
Finally,
develop
through
stereotypical
evolutionary
trajectories,
perturbing
additional
suppressors
accelerates
progression
creating
novel
trajectories.
Our
elucidates
hierarchical
nature
more
broadly,
enables
in-depth
studies
progression.
