Nature,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
611(7936), P. 540 - 547
Published: Nov. 9, 2022
Abstract
A
spinal
cord
injury
interrupts
pathways
from
the
brain
and
brainstem
that
project
to
lumbar
cord,
leading
paralysis.
Here
we
show
spatiotemporal
epidural
electrical
stimulation
(EES)
of
1–3
applied
during
neurorehabilitation
4,5
(EES
REHAB
)
restored
walking
in
nine
individuals
with
chronic
injury.
This
recovery
involved
a
reduction
neuronal
activity
humans
walking.
We
hypothesized
this
unexpected
reflects
activity-dependent
selection
specific
subpopulations
become
essential
for
patient
walk
after
To
identify
these
putative
neurons,
modelled
technological
therapeutic
features
underlying
EES
mice.
single-nucleus
RNA
sequencing
6–9
spatial
transcriptomics
10,11
cords
mice
chart
spatially
resolved
molecular
atlas
then
employed
cell
type
12,13
prioritization
neurons
single
population
excitatory
interneurons
nested
within
intermediate
laminae
emerged.
Although
are
not
required
before
injury,
demonstrate
they
following
Augmenting
phenocopied
enabled
by
,
whereas
ablating
them
prevented
occurs
spontaneously
moderate
thus
identified
recovery-organizing
subpopulation
is
necessary
sufficient
regain
Moreover,
our
methodology
establishes
framework
using
cartography
produce
complex
behaviours.
IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
29, P. 310 - 319
Published: Jan. 1, 2021
Paralysis
of
the
upper
extremity
severely
restricts
independence
and
quality
life
after
spinal
cord
injury.
Regaining
control
hand
arm
movements
is
highest
treatment
priority
for
people
with
paralysis,
6-fold
higher
than
restoring
walking
ability.
Nevertheless,
current
approaches
to
improve
function
typically
do
not
restore
independence.
Spinal
stimulation
an
emerging
neuromodulation
strategy
motor
function.
Recent
studies
using
surgically
implanted
electrodes
demonstrate
impressive
improvements
in
voluntary
standing
stepping.
Here
we
show
that
transcutaneous
electrical
leads
rapid
sustained
recovery
function,
even
complete
paralysis.
Notably,
magnitude
these
matched
or
exceeded
previously
reported
results
from
stimulation.
Additionally,
muscle
spasticity
was
reduced
autonomic
functions
including
heart
rate,
thermoregulation,
bladder
improved.
Perhaps
most
striking
all
six
participants
maintained
their
gains
at
least
three
months
beyond
stimulation,
indicating
functional
mediated
by
long-term
neuroplasticity.
Several
resumed
hobbies
require
fine
control,
such
as
playing
guitar
oil
painting,
first
time
up
12
years
since
injuries.
Our
findings
non-invasive
networks
restores
movement
hands
both
paralysis
Bone Research,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: April 8, 2022
Spinal
cord
injury
(SCI)
leads
to
loss
of
motor
and
sensory
function
below
the
level
imposes
a
considerable
burden
on
patients,
families,
society.
Repair
injured
spinal
has
been
recognized
as
global
medical
challenge
for
many
years.
Significant
progress
made
in
research
pathological
mechanism
injury.
In
particular,
with
development
gene
regulation,
cell
sequencing,
tracing
technologies,
in-depth
explorations
SCI
microenvironment
have
become
more
feasible.
However,
translational
studies
related
repair
not
yielded
significant
results.
This
review
summarizes
latest
two
aspects
pathology:
intraneuronal
imbalance
regenerative
imbalance.
We
also
strategies
based
imbalance,
including
medications,
transplantation,
exosomes,
tissue
engineering,
reprogramming,
rehabilitation.
The
current
state
future
directions
are
discussed.
combined,
precise,
multitemporal
strategy
repairing
is
potential
direction.
