An Integrated Brain-Machine Interface Platform With Thousands of Channels

Journal of Medical Internet Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 21(10), P. e16194 - e16194

Published: Oct. 14, 2019

Brain-machine interfaces hold promise for the restoration of sensory and motor function treatment neurological disorders, but clinical brain-machine have not yet been widely adopted, in part, because modest channel counts limited their potential. In this white paper, we describe Neuralink's first steps toward a scalable high-bandwidth interface system. We built arrays small flexible electrode "threads," with as many 3072 electrodes per array distributed across 96 threads. also neurosurgical robot capable inserting six threads (192 electrodes) minute. Each thread can be individually inserted into brain micron precision avoidance surface vasculature targeting specific regions. The is packaged implantable device that contains custom chips low-power on-board amplification digitization: package channels occupies less than 23×18.5×2 mm

Language: Английский

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Current Principles of Motor Control, with Special Reference to Vertebrate Locomotion

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 100(1), P. 271 - 320

Published: Sept. 12, 2019

The vertebrate control of locomotion involves all levels the nervous system from cortex to spinal cord. Here, we aim cover main aspects this complex behavior, operation microcircuits in cord systems and behavioral extend mammalian basic undulatory movements lamprey fish. cellular basis propulsion represents core system, it central pattern generator networks (CPGs) controlling timing different muscles, sensory compensation for perturbations, brain stem command level activity CPGs speed locomotion. forebrain particular basal ganglia are involved determining which motor programs should be recruited at a given point time can both initiate stop locomotor activity. propulsive needs integrated with postural maintain body orientation. Moreover, need steered so that subject approaches goal episode, or avoids colliding elements environment simply escapes high speed. These will covered review.

Language: Английский

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Spinal cord repair: advances in biology and technology

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 898 - 908

Published: June 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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Topological supramolecular network enabled high-conductivity, stretchable organic bioelectronics

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 375(6587), P. 1411 - 1417

Published: March 24, 2022

Intrinsically stretchable bioelectronic devices based on soft and conducting organic materials have been regarded as the ideal interface for seamless biocompatible integration with human body. A remaining challenge is to combine high mechanical robustness good electrical conduction, especially when patterned at small feature sizes. We develop a molecular engineering strategy topological supramolecular network, which allows decoupling of competing effects from multiple building blocks meet complex requirements. obtained simultaneously conductivity crack-onset strain in physiological environment, direct photopatternability down cellular scale. further collected stable electromyography signals malleable octopus performed localized neuromodulation single-nucleus precision controlling organ-specific activities through delicate brainstem.

Language: Английский

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Hydrogel interfaces for merging humans and machines

Nature Reviews Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(12), P. 935 - 952

Published: Oct. 13, 2022

Language: Английский

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Electrical spinal cord stimulation must preserve proprioception to enable locomotion in humans with spinal cord injury

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 21(12), P. 1728 - 1741

Published: Oct. 31, 2018

Language: Английский

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Activity-dependent spinal cord neuromodulation rapidly restores trunk and leg motor functions after complete paralysis

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(2), P. 260 - 271

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Spinal cord injury: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: June 26, 2023

Abstract Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a severe condition with an extremely high disability rate. The challenges of SCI repair include its complex pathological mechanisms and the difficulties neural regeneration in central nervous system. In past few decades, researchers have attempted to completely elucidate mechanism identify effective strategies promote axon circuit remodeling, but results not been ideal. Recently, new SCI, especially interactions between immune cell responses, revealed by single-cell sequencing spatial transcriptome analysis. With development bioactive materials stem cells, more attention has focused on forming intermediate networks reconstruction than promoting axonal corticospinal tract. Furthermore, technologies control physical parameters such as electricity, magnetism ultrasound constantly innovated applied fate regulation. Among these advanced novel technologies, therapy, biomaterial transplantation, electromagnetic stimulation entered into stage clinical trials, some them already treatment. this review, we outline overall epidemiology pathophysiology expound latest research progress related detail, propose future directions for applications.

Language: Английский

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Walking naturally after spinal cord injury using a brain–spine interface

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 618(7963), P. 126 - 133

Published: May 24, 2023

A spinal cord injury interrupts the communication between brain and region of that produces walking, leading to paralysis1,2. Here, we restored this with a digital bridge enabled an individual chronic tetraplegia stand walk naturally in community settings. This brain-spine interface (BSI) consists fully implanted recording stimulation systems establish direct link cortical signals3 analogue modulation epidural electrical targeting regions involved production walking4-6. highly reliable BSI is calibrated within few minutes. reliability has remained stable over one year, including during independent use at home. The participant reports enables natural control movements his legs stand, walk, climb stairs even traverse complex terrains. Moreover, neurorehabilitation supported by improved neurological recovery. regained ability crutches overground when was switched off. establishes framework restore movement after paralysis.

Language: Английский

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The translational landscape in spinal cord injury: focus on neuroplasticity and regeneration

Nature Reviews Neurology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 15(12), P. 732 - 745

Published: Nov. 14, 2019

Language: Английский

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