Journal of Clinical Investigation,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
130(6), P. 2777 - 2788
Published: May 10, 2020
Stroke
is
the
second
leading
cause
of
death
worldwide
and
a
disability.
Most
strokes
are
caused
by
occlusion
major
cerebral
artery,
substantial
advances
have
been
made
in
elucidating
how
ischemia
damages
brain.
In
particular,
increasing
evidence
points
to
double-edged
role
immune
system
stroke
pathophysiology.
acute
phase,
innate
cells
invade
brain
meninges
contribute
ischemic
damage,
but
may
also
be
protective.
At
same
time,
danger
signals
released
into
circulation
damaged
lead
activation
systemic
immunity,
followed
profound
immunodepression
that
promotes
life-threatening
infections.
chronic
antigen
presentation
initiates
an
adaptive
response
targeted
brain,
which
underlie
neuropsychiatric
sequelae,
considerable
poststroke
morbidity.
Here,
we
briefly
review
these
pathogenic
processes
assess
potential
therapeutic
value
targeting
immunity
human
stroke.
Science,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
373(6553)
Published: June 3, 2021
The
meninges
are
a
membranous
structure
enveloping
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
that
host
rich
repertoire
of
immune
cells
mediating
CNS
surveillance.
Here,
we
report
mouse
contain
pool
monocytes
and
neutrophils
supplied
not
from
blood
but
by
adjacent
skull
vertebral
bone
marrow.
Under
pathological
conditions,
including
spinal
cord
injury
neuroinflammation,
CNS-infiltrating
myeloid
can
originate
brain
borders
display
transcriptional
signatures
distinct
their
blood-derived
counterparts.
Thus,
populated
marrow
niches,
strategically
placed
to
supply
innate
under
homeostatic
conditions.
These
findings
call
for
reinterpretation
immune-cell
infiltration
into
during
autoimmunity
may
inform
future
therapeutic
approaches
harness
meningeal
cells.
Science,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
369(6500)
Published: July 9, 2020
Roles
of
organ-specific
lymphatic
vessels
Lymphatic
are
spread
throughout
the
human
body
and
have
critical
functions
in
mammalian
physiology.
Petrova
et
al.
review
emerging
roles
vasculature
organ
function
pathology
provide
perspectives
beyond
traditional
view
maintenance
fluid
homeostasis.
The
authors
highlight
new
insights
into
vessel
endothelial
cell
biology
as
it
relates
to
intestinal
lacteals,
lymph
nodes,
central
nervous
system
meninges,
cancer.
Recent
steps
toward
therapeutic
opportunities
that
could
alter
or
growth
also
discussed.
Science
,
this
issue
p.
eaax4063
Physiological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
102(2), P. 1025 - 1151
Published: May 5, 2021
The
brain
harbors
a
unique
ability
to,
figuratively
speaking,
shift
its
gears.
During
wakefulness,
the
is
geared
fully
toward
processing
information
and
behaving,
while
homeostatic
functions
predominate
during
sleep.
blood-brain
barrier
establishes
stable
environment
that
optimal
for
neuronal
function,
yet
imposes
physiological
problem;
transcapillary
filtration
forms
extracellular
fluid
in
other
organs
reduced
to
minimum
brain.
Consequently,
depends
on
special
[the
cerebrospinal
(CSF)]
flushed
into
along
perivascular
spaces
created
by
astrocytic
vascular
endfeet.
We
describe
this
pathway,
coined
term
glymphatic
system,
based
dependency
endfeet
their
adluminal
expression
of
aquaporin-4
water
channels
facing
CSF-filled
spaces.
Glymphatic
clearance
potentially
harmful
metabolic
or
protein
waste
products,
such
as
amyloid-β,
primarily
active
sleep,
when
drivers,
cardiac
cycle,
respiration,
slow
vasomotion,
together
efficiently
propel
CSF
inflow
periarterial
brain's
space
contains
an
abundance
proteoglycans
hyaluronan,
which
provide
low-resistance
hydraulic
conduit
rapidly
can
expand
shrink
sleep-wake
cycle.
system
brain,
meets
requisites
maintain
homeostasis
similar
peripheral
organs,
considering
blood-brain-barrier
paths
formation
egress
CSF.
Science,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
373(6553)
Published: June 3, 2021
The
meninges
contain
adaptive
immune
cells
that
provide
immunosurveillance
of
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
These
are
thought
to
derive
from
systemic
circulation.
Through
single-cell
analyses,
confocal
imaging,
bone
marrow
chimeras,
and
parabiosis
experiments,
we
show
meningeal
B
locally
calvaria,
which
harbors
a
niche
for
hematopoiesis.
reach
calvaria
through
specialized
vascular
connections.
This
calvarial-meningeal
path
cell
development
may
CNS
with
constant
supply
educated
by
antigens.
Conversely,
subset
antigen-experienced
populate
in
aging
mice
blood-borne.
results
identify
private
source
cells,
help
maintain
privilege
within
CNS.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: April 27, 2020
Abstract
Whole-organ/body
three-dimensional
(3D)
staining
and
imaging
have
been
enduring
challenges
in
histology.
By
dissecting
the
complex
physicochemical
environment
of
system,
we
developed
a
highly
optimized
3D
pipeline
based
on
CUBIC.
Based
our
precise
characterization
biological
tissues
as
an
electrolyte
gel,
experimentally
evaluated
broad
conditions
by
using
artificial
tissue-mimicking
material.
The
combination
allows
bottom-up
design
superior
protocol
that
can
uniformly
label
whole
adult
mouse
brains,
marmoset
brain
hemisphere,
~1
cm
3
tissue
block
postmortem
human
cerebellum,
entire
infant
body
with
dozens
antibodies
cell-impermeant
nuclear
stains.
whole-organ
images
collected
light-sheet
microscopy
are
used
for
computational
analyses
comparison
analysis
between
species.
This
pipeline,
named
CUBIC-HistoVIsion,
thus
offers
advanced
opportunities
organ-
organism-scale
histological
multicellular
systems.
