Microbial inoculants: reviewing the past, discussing the present and previewing an outstanding future for the use of beneficial bacteria in agriculture

AMB Express, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Dec. 1, 2019

Abstract More than one hundred years have passed since the development of first microbial inoculant for plants. Nowadays, use inoculants in agriculture is spread worldwide different crops and carrying microorganisms. In last decades, impressive progress has been achieved production, commercialization inoculants. farmers are more receptive to mainly because high-quality products multi-purpose elite strains available at market, improving yields low cost comparison chemical fertilizers. context a sustainable agriculture, also help mitigate environmental impacts caused by agrochemicals. Challenges rely on production broader range crops, expansion inoculated area worldwide, addition search innovative solutions areas subjected increasing episodes stresses. this review, we explore world market inoculants, showing which bacteria prominent as countries, discuss main research strategies that might contribute improve agriculture.

Language: Английский

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The role of TDP-43 mislocalization in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Molecular Neurodegeneration, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Aug. 15, 2020

Abstract Since its discovery as a primary component in cytoplasmic aggregates post-mortem tissue of patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), TAR DNA Binding Protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) has remained central focus to understand the disease. TDP-43 links both familial and sporadic forms ALS mutations are causative for disease hallmark nearly all cases, regardless mutational status. Research focused on formation consequences cytosolic protein drivers pathology through gain- loss-of-function mechanisms. Not only does aggregation sequester normal function TDP-43, but these also actively block cellular processes inevitably leading demise short time span. Although there may be some benefit therapeutically targeting aggregation, this step too late development have substantial therapeutic benefit. However, appears tightly linked mislocalization from nucleus cytoplasm, making it difficult decouple nuclear-to-cytoplasmic aggregation. Studies focusing effects demonstrated including altered splicing regulation, over responsiveness stressors, increases damage, transcriptome-wide changes. Additionally, TARDBP confer baseline increase thus suggesting that small changes subcellular localization could fact drive early pathology. In review, we bring forth theme key mechanism underlying ALS, by highlighting importance maintaining proteostasis along loss-of-functional when is dysregulated. Additional research, events pathogenesis (i.e. stage) will provide insight into mechanisms, targets, novel biomarkers ALS.

Language: Английский

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How leisure activities affect health: a narrative review and multi-level theoretical framework of mechanisms of action

The Lancet Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8(4), P. 329 - 339

Published: Feb. 11, 2021

Language: Английский

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Unlocking plant resources to support food security and promote sustainable agriculture

Plants People Planet, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 2(5), P. 421 - 445

Published: Sept. 1, 2020

Societal Impact Statement Biodiversity is essential to food security and nutrition locally globally. By reviewing the global state of edible plants highlighting key neglected underutilized species (NUS), we attempt unlock plant resources explore role fungi, which along with wealth traditional knowledge about their uses practices, could help support sustainable agriculture while ensuring better protection environment continued delivery its ecosystem services. This work will inform a wide range user communities, including scientists, conservation development organizations, policymakers, public importance biodiversity beyond mainstream crops. Summary As world's population increasing, humanity facing both shortages (hunger) excesses (obesity) calorie nutrient intakes. fundamental addressing this double challenge, involves far understanding resources. Current estimates suggest that there are at least 7,039 species, in broad taxonomic sense, includes 7,014 vascular plants. striking contrast small handful crops provide majority humanity's intake. Most these have additional uses, most common being medicines (70%), materials (59%), environmental (40%). Species major display centers diversity, as previously proposed, rest follow latitudinal distribution patterns similarly total higher richness lower latitudes. The International Union for Conservation Nature Red List assessments 30% plants, ca. 86% them conserved ex situ. However, 11% those recorded threatened. We highlight multipurpose NUS from different regions world, be more resilient, sustainable, biodiverse, community participation‐driven new “green revolution.” Furthermore, how fungi diversify increase nutritional value our diets. NUS, offer largely untapped resource agriculture. natural unlocked, enhanced collaboration among stakeholders vital.

Language: Английский

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Animal-Borne Telemetry: An Integral Component of the Ocean Observing Toolkit

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: June 26, 2019

Animal telemetry is a powerful tool for observing marine animals and the physical environments that they inhabit, from coastal continental shelf ecosystems to polar seas open oceans. Satellite-linked biologgers networks of acoustic receivers allow be reliably monitored over scales tens meters thousands kilometres, giving insight into their habitat use, home range size, phenology migratory patterns biotic abiotic factors drive distributions. Furthermore, environmental variables can collected using as autonomous sampling platforms, increasing spatial temporal coverage global oceanographic observation systems. The use animal therefore has capacity provide measures suite essential ocean (EOVs) improved monitoring Earth's Here we outline design features systems, describe current applications benefits challenges, discuss future directions. We new analytical techniques improve our ability not only quantify movements but also framework comparative studies across taxa. application its collect data, how data incorporated role these play in management.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Language on Visual Perception

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 24(11), P. 930 - 944

Published: Oct. 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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Current trends and challenges in the synthesis and applications of chitosan-based nanocomposites for plants: A review

Carbohydrate Polymers, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 261, P. 117904 - 117904

Published: March 7, 2021

Language: Английский

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Metagenomic analysis revealed the potential role of gut microbiome in gout

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Aug. 9, 2021

Abstract Emerging evidence indicates an association between gut microbiome and arthritis diseases including gout. However, how which bacteria affect host urate degradation inflammation in gout remains unclear. Here we performed a metagenome analysis on 307 fecal samples from 102 patients 86 healthy controls. Gout metagenomes significantly differed those of The relative abundances Prevotella , Fusobacterium Bacteroides were increased gout, whereas Enterobacteriaceae butyrate-producing species decreased. Functionally, had greater for genes fructose, mannose metabolism lipid A biosynthesis, lower short chain fatty acid production. three-pronged metagenomic species, functions clinical parameters revealed that decreased associated with reduced amino environmental sensing, together contribute to serum uric C-reactive protein levels random forest classifier based three microbial showed high predictivity both discovery validation cohorts (0.91 0.80 accuracy), specificity the context other chronic disorders. Longitudinal uric-acid-lowering anti-inflammatory drugs partially restored microbiota after 24-week treatment. Comparative obesity, type 2 diabetes, ankylosing spondylitis rheumatoid indicated more similar autoimmune than metabolic diseases. Our results suggest dysbiosis was dysregulated systemic may be used as non-invasive diagnostic markers

Language: Английский

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Brain aging mechanisms with mechanical manifestations

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 200, P. 111575 - 111575

Published: Oct. 1, 2021

Brain aging is a complex process that affects everything from the subcellular to organ level, begins early in life, and accelerates with age. Morphologically, brain primarily characterized by volume loss, cortical thinning, white matter degradation, loss of gyrification, ventricular enlargement. Pathophysiologically, associated neuron cell shrinking, dendritic degeneration, demyelination, small vessel disease, metabolic slowing, microglial activation, formation lesions. In recent years, mechanics community has demonstrated increasing interest modeling brain's (bio)mechanical behavior uses constitutive predict shape changes anatomically accurate finite element models health disease. Here, we pursue two objectives. First, review existing imaging-based data on gray atrophy rates organ-level patterns. This required calibrate validate models. Second, most critical cell- tissue-level mechanisms drive changes. We focuse ultimately manifest as based idea integration imaging mechanical may help identify tipping point when normal ends pathological neurodegeneration begins.

Language: Английский

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Accelerating antibiotic discovery through artificial intelligence

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Sept. 9, 2021

By targeting invasive organisms, antibiotics insert themselves into the ancient struggle of host-pathogen evolutionary arms race. As pathogens evolve tactics for evading antibiotics, therapies decline in efficacy and must be replaced, distinguishing from most other forms drug development. Together with a slow expensive antibiotic development pipeline, proliferation drug-resistant drives urgent interest computational methods that promise to expedite candidate discovery. Strides artificial intelligence (AI) have encouraged its application multiple dimensions computer-aided design, increasing This review describes AI-facilitated advances discovery both small molecule antimicrobial peptides. Beyond essential prediction activity, emphasis is also given compound representation, determination drug-likeness traits, resistance, de novo molecular design. Given urgency resistance crisis, we analyze uptake open science best practices AI-driven argue openness reproducibility as means accelerating preclinical research. Finally, trends literature areas future inquiry are discussed, artificially intelligent enhancements at large offer many opportunities applications

Language: Английский

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