Application of exosomes as liquid biopsy in clinical diagnosis

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Aug. 3, 2020

Liquid biopsy refers to the sampling and molecular analysis of biofluids circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, nucleic acids, so forth. Exosomes are small vesicles with sizes between 30-150 nm. They secreted by multivesicular bodies through exocytosis in live cells can participate intercellular communication due their contents, including proteins, lipids. Herein, we investigate publication frequencies on exosomes over past 10 years, review recent clinical studies liquid fields oncology, pregnancy disorders, cardiovascular diseases, organ transplantation. We also describe advantages as an effective tool progression exosome extraction methods. Finally, depict commercial development research discuss future role biopsy.

Language: Английский

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Modern isolation and separation techniques for extracellular vesicles

Journal of Chromatography A, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 1636, P. 461773 - 461773

Published: Dec. 3, 2020

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogenous membrane-bound released from various origins. EVs play a crucial role in cellular communication and mediate several physiological pathological processes, highlighting their potential therapeutic diagnostic applications. Due to the rapid increase interests needs elucidate EV properties functions, numerous isolation separation approaches for have been developed overcome limitations of conventional techniques, such as ultracentrifugation. This review focuses on recently emerging modern including size-, charge-, affinity-based techniques while excluding ultracentrifugation precipitation-based due multiple limitations. The advantages drawbacks each technique discussed together with insights into Emerging all share similar features terms being time-effective, easy-to-operate, capable providing suitable desirable purity integrity applications interest. Combination hyphenation used yield best quality. most recent development using an automated on-line system selective trapping unit asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation allows reliable subpopulations human plasma.

Language: Английский

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Exosomes─Nature’s Lipid Nanoparticles, a Rising Star in Drug Delivery and Diagnostics

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. 17802 - 17846

Published: Nov. 10, 2022

Exosomes are a subgroup of nanosized extracellular vesicles enclosed by lipid bilayer membrane and secreted most eukaryotic cells. They represent route intercellular communication participate in wide variety physiological pathological processes. The biological roles exosomes rely on their bioactive cargos, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, which delivered to target Their distinctive properties─innate stability, low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, good biomembrane penetration capacity─allow them function as superior natural nanocarriers for efficient drug delivery. Another notably favorable clinical application is diagnostics. hold various biomolecules from host cells, indicative pathophysiological conditions; therefore, they considered vital biomarker discovery Here, we use data the CAS Content Collection provide landscape overview current state delineate trends research advancement exosome applications therapeutics diagnostics across time, geography, composition, cargo loading, development pipelines. We discuss composition pathway, biogenesis secretion cells recipient cell uptake. assess methods isolation purification, therapy diagnostics, pipelines, exploration goals companies, assortment diseases aim treat, stages research, publication trends. hope this review will be useful understanding knowledge field medical exosomes, an effort further solve remaining challenges fulfilling potential.

Language: Английский

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Molecular evaluation of five different isolation methods for extracellular vesicles reveals different clinical applicability and subcellular origin

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(9)

Published: July 1, 2021

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly tested as therapeutic vehicles and biomarkers, but still EV subtypes not fully characterised. To isolate EVs with few co‐isolated entities, a combination of methods is needed. However, this time‐consuming requires large sample volumes, often feasible in most clinical studies or where small volumes available. Therefore, we compared rendered by five commonly used based on different principles from conditioned cell medium 250 μl 3 ml plasma, that is, precipitation (ExoQuick ULTRA), membrane affinity (exoEasy Maxi Kit), size‐exclusion chromatography (qEVoriginal), iodixanol gradient (OptiPrep), phosphatidylserine (MagCapture). were characterised electron microscopy, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, Bioanalyzer, flow cytometry, LC‐MS/MS. The yielded samples morphology, particle size, proteomic profile. For the medium, Izon 35 isolated highest number proteins followed exoEasy, which also fewer non‐EV proteins. plasma samples, exoEasy high proteins, while 70 We conclude no method perfect for all studies, rather, suited depending type interest subtype, addition to volume budget.

Language: Английский

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Characterizing Extracellular Vesicles and Their Diverse RNA Contents

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: July 17, 2020

Cells release nanometer-scale, lipid bilayer-enclosed biomolecular packages (extracellular vesicles; EVs) into their surrounding environment. EVs are hypothesized to be intercellular communication agents that regulate physiological states by transporting biomolecules between near and distant cells. The research community has consistently advocated for the importance of RNA contents in demonstrating that: 1) EV-related can detected a liquid biopsy, 2) disease significantly alter contents, 3) sensitive specific biopsies implemented precision medicine settings measuring EV-derived contents. Furthermore, have medical potential beyond diagnostics. Both natural engineered being investigated therapeutic applications such as regenerative drug delivery agents. This review focuses specifically on EV characterization, analysis content, functional implications. NIH extracellular (ERC) program catapulted human from an profiling standpoint standardizing pipeline working with transcriptomics data, creating centralized database scientific community. There currently thousands RNA-sequencing profiles hosted Extracellular Atlas alone \citep{Murillo2019}, encompassing variety biofluid types health conditions. While number significant discoveries been made through these studies individually, integrative analyses data thus far limited. A primary focus ERC over next five years is bring higher resolution tools so investigators isolate analyze sub-populations, ultimately single sourced discrete cell types, tissues, complex biofluids. Higher techniques will essential evaluating roles circulating at level which impacts clinical decision making. We expect advances microfluidic technologies drive near-term innovation about diverse EVs. Long-term translation EV-based mainstay diagnostic tool depend upon identifying robust patterns genetic material correlate change status.

Language: Английский

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A one-pot isothermal Cas12-based assay for the sensitive detection of microRNAs

Nature Biomedical Engineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(12), P. 1583 - 1601

Published: April 27, 2023

Language: Английский

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Small extracellular vesicles isolation and separation: Current techniques, pending questions and clinical applications

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(15), P. 6548 - 6575

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Extracellular vesicles, especially small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are now accepted as important messengers in cell-to-cell communication and a promising drug delivery platform.They involved nearly all physiological pathological processes disease diagnosis therapy.However, their heterogeneity of physicochemical properties functions is not fully understood, which hinders further clinical applications.To obtain highly bioactive sEVs with both high yield purity, will certainly facilitate future study application.This review informs up-to-date research on frequently-used cutting-edge technologies isolation makes deep comparison analysis different methods, including advantages, limitations applications.Pending questions about the inherent property these well strategies discussed.Additionally, an overview applications treatment, some on-going trials, also reviewed.

Language: Английский

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Plant‐derived extracellular vesicles: Recent advancements and current challenges on their use for biomedical applications

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(12)

Published: Dec. 1, 2022

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a diverse class of lipid bilayer membrane released by both animal and plant cells. These ubiquitous are involved in intercellular communication transport various biological cargos, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids. In recent years, interest plant‐derived EVs has increased tremendously, as they serve scalable sustainable alternative to derived from mammalian sources. vitro vivo findings have demonstrated that these (PDVs) possess intrinsic therapeutic activities can potentially treat diseases improve human health. addition, PDVs also act efficient biocompatible drug carriers. While preclinical studies shown promising results, there still several challenges knowledge gaps be addressed for the successful translation into clinical applications, especially view lack standardised protocols material handling PDV isolation This review provides readers with quick overview current understanding research on PDVs, critically analysing highlighting immense potential novel therapeutics diseases. It is expected this work will guide scientists address currently associated promote new advances plant‐based solutions.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes: Insights From Exercise Science

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 1, 2021

The benefits of exercise on health and longevity are well-established, evidence suggests that these effects partially driven by a spectrum bioactive molecules released into circulation during (e.g., factors or 'exerkines'). Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs), including microvesicles (MVs) exosomes exosome-like (ELVs), were shown to be secreted concomitantly with exerkines. These EVs have therefore been proposed act as cargo carriers 'mediators' intercellular communication. Given findings, there has rapidly growing interest in the role multi-systemic, adaptive response exercise. This review aims summarize our current understanding MVs ELVs, examine their long-term adaptations, highlight main methodological hurdles related blood collection, purification, characterization ELVs.

Language: Английский

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The Yin and Yang of exosome isolation methods: conventional practice, microfluidics, and commercial kits

Biotechnology Advances, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 54, P. 107814 - 107814

Published: Aug. 10, 2021

Language: Английский

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