Current Strategies for Exosome Cargo Loading and Targeting Delivery

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 1416 - 1416

Published: May 17, 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as ectosomes and exosomes have gained attention promising natural carriers for drug delivery. Exosomes, which range from 30 to 100 nm in diameter, possess a lipid bilayer are secreted by various cells. Due their high biocompatibility, stability, low immunogenicity, favored cargo carriers. The membrane of also offers protection against degradation, making them desirable candidate However, loading into remains be challenge. Despite strategies incubation, electroporation, sonication, extrusion, freeze–thaw cycling, transfection that been developed facilitate loading, inadequate efficiency still persists. This review an overview current delivery using summarizes recent approaches small-molecule, nucleic acid, protein drugs exosomes. With insights these studies, we provide ideas more efficient effective molecules

Language: Английский

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Exosomes as natural nanocarrier-based drug delivery system: recent insights and future perspectives

3 Biotech, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(3)

Published: Feb. 27, 2023

Language: Английский

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Biotin–Avidin System-Based Delivery Enhances the Therapeutic Performance of MSC-Derived Exosomes

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(9), P. 8530 - 8550

Published: April 28, 2023

Exosomes (EXs) shed by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are potent therapeutic agents that promote wound healing and regeneration, but when used alone in vivo, their potency is diminished rapid clearance bioactivity loss. Inspired the biotin-avidin interaction, we developed a simple yet versatile method for immobilization of MSC-derived EXs (MSC-EXs) into hydrogels achieved sustained release regenerative purposes. First, biotin-modified gelatin methacryloyl (Bio-GelMA) was fabricated grafting NHS-PEG12-biotin onto amino groups GelMA. Biotin-modified MSC-EXs (Bio-EXs) were then synthesized using an situ self-assembling biotinylation strategy, which provided sufficient binding sites MSC-EX delivery with little effect on cargo composition. Thereafter, Bio-EXs immobilized Bio-GelMA via streptavidin to generate Bio-GelMA@Bio-EX hydrogels. An vitro analysis demonstrated could be taken up macrophages exerted immunomodulatory effects similar those MSC-EXs, 7 days. After subcutaneous transplantation, more constant retention observed 28 When placed artificial periodontal multitissue defect, functionalized exhibited optimized performance regrow complex tissues, including acellular cementum, ligaments (PDLs), alveolar bone. In this context, robust promoted macrophage polarization toward M2 phenotype. Our findings demonstrate delivered aid system exhibit macrophage-modulating repair-promoting functions suggest universal approach development MSC-EX-functionalized biomaterials advanced therapies.

Language: Английский

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A comprehensive review on the composition, biogenesis, purification, and multifunctional role of exosome as delivery vehicles for cancer therapy

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 165, P. 115087 - 115087

Published: June 29, 2023

All forms of life produce nanosized extracellular vesicles called exosomes, which are enclosed in lipid bilayer membranes. Exosomes engage cell-to-cell communication and participate a variety physiological pathological processes. function via their bioactive components, delivered to target cells the form proteins, nucleic acids, lipids. as drug delivery vehicles due unique properties innate stability, low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, biodistribution, accumulation desired tissues, toxicity normal stimulation anti-cancer immune responses, penetration capacity into distance organs. mediate cellular communications by delivering various molecules including oncogenes, oncomiRs, specific DNA, messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), small interfering (siRNA), circular (circRNA). These substances can be transferred change transcriptome influence tumor-related signaling pathways. After considering all available literature, this review we discuss biogenesis, composition, production, purification exosomes. We briefly exosome isolation techniques. explore great-length exosomes mechanism for substances, chemicals, chemotherapeutic drugs. also talk about benefits drawbacks This concludes with discussion future perspective challenges. hope that will provide us better understanding current state nanomedicine applications biomedicine.

Language: Английский

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An Inhalable Hybrid Biomimetic Nanoplatform for Sequential Drug Release and Remodeling Lung Immune Homeostasis in Acute Lung Injury Treatment

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(12), P. 11626 - 11644

Published: June 7, 2023

Interactions of lung macrophages and recruited neutrophils with the microenvironment continuously aggravate dysregulation inflammation in pathogenesis acute injury (ALI) or respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Either modulating destroying neutrophil counts cannot guarantee a satisfactory outcome ARDS treatment. Aimed at inhibiting coordinated action hyper-inflammatory condition, an inhalable biomimetic sequential drug-releasing nanoplatform was developed for combinatorial treatment ALI. The (termed D-SEL) made by conjugating DNase I, as outer cleavable arms, to serum exosomal liposomal hybrid nanocarrier SEL) via matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9)-cleavable peptide then encapsulating methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPS). In lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced ALI mice, MPS/D-SEL moved through muco-obstructive airways retained alveoli over 24 h postinhalation. I released from first after responding MMP-9, resulting inner SEL core exposure, which precisely delivered MPS into promoting M2 macrophage polarization. Local sustained release degraded dysregulated extracellular traps (NETs) suppressed activation mucus plugging microenvironment, turn amplified polarization efficiency. Such dual-stage drug behavior facilitated down-regulation pro-inflammatory cytokines but anti-inflammatory cytokine production remodeling immune homeostasis, ultimately tissue repair. This work presents versatile local pulmonary delivery dual-drug therapeutics displays potential inflammation.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicle Preparation and Analysis: A State‐of‐the‐Art Review

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(30)

Published: June 14, 2024

Abstract In recent decades, research on Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) has gained prominence in the life sciences due to their critical roles both health and disease states, offering promising applications diagnosis, drug delivery, therapy. However, inherent heterogeneity complex origins pose significant challenges preparation, analysis, subsequent clinical application. This review is structured provide an overview of biogenesis, composition, various sources EVs, thereby laying groundwork for a detailed discussion contemporary techniques preparation analysis. Particular focus given state‐of‐the‐art technologies that employ microfluidic non‐microfluidic platforms EV processing. Furthermore, this discourse extends into innovative approaches incorporate artificial intelligence cutting‐edge electrochemical sensors, with particular emphasis single proposes current outlines prospective avenues future research. The objective motivate researchers innovate expand methods analysis fully unlocking biomedical potential.

Language: Английский

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A Panorama of Extracellular Vesicle Applications: From Biomarker Detection to Therapeutics

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(14), P. 9784 - 9797

Published: March 12, 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by all cell types are involved in the cell-to-cell transfer of regulatory factors that influence and tissue phenotypes normal diseased tissues. EVs thus a rich source biomarker targets for assays analyze blood urinary disease diagnosis. Sensitive detection derived from specific populations is key major hurdle when analyzing complex biological samples, but innovative approaches surveyed this Perspective can streamline EV isolation enhance sensitivity procedures required clinical application EV-based diagnostics therapeutics, including nanotechnology microfluidics, to achieve characterizations. Finally, also outlines opportunities challenges remaining translation assays.

Language: Английский

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Applications of mesenchymal stem cell-exosome components in wound infection healing: new insights

Burns & Trauma, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract The healing process at a wound is made up of many types cells, growth factors, the extracellular matrix, nerves and blood vessels all interacting with each other in complex changing ways. Microbial colonization proliferation are possible place injury, which makes infection more likely. Because this, any cut has chance getting an infection. Researchers have found that infections make patients upset cost healthcare system lot money. Surgical site happen to people who recently had surgery. This study shows such surgical linked high rate illness death. shown by fact 25% get serious sepsis need be transferred intensive care unit. In both animal models people, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play active role stages positive effects. Exosomes one main things MSCs release. They effects similar those parent MSCs. Various effector proteins, messenger RNA microRNAs can transported vesicles control activity target cells. big impact on process. These results suggest using MSC-exosomes as new type cell-free therapy could better safer option than whole cell therapy. review mostly about how use parts help heal.

Language: Английский

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Exosome for mRNA delivery: strategies and therapeutic applications

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: July 4, 2024

Abstract Messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as a promising therapeutic molecule with numerous clinical applications in treating central nervous system disorders, tumors, COVID-19, and other diseases. mRNA therapies must be encapsulated into safe, stable, effective delivery vehicles to preserve the cargo from degradation prevent immunogenicity. Exosomes have gained growing attention because of their good biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, small size, unique capacity traverse physiological barriers, cell-specific tropism. Moreover, these exosomes can engineered utilize natural carriers target specific cells or tissues. This targeted approach will enhance efficacy reduce side effects mRNAs. However, difficulties such lack consistent reliable methods for exosome purification efficient encapsulation large mRNAs addressed. article outlines current breakthroughs cell-derived vesicle-mediated its biomedical applications. Graphical

Language: Английский

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Reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages by a dually targeted milk exosome system as a potent monotherapy for cancer

Journal of Controlled Release, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 366, P. 395 - 409

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

Language: Английский

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