The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a systematic review

Hepatology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 77(4), P. 1335 - 1347

Published: Jan. 3, 2023

Background and Aims: NAFLD is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity mortality. We assessed the global regional prevalence, incidence, mortality using an in-depth meta-analytic approach. Approach Results: PubMed Ovid MEDLINE were searched for population-based studies from 1990 to 2019 survey year (last published 2022) per Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Meta-analysis was conducted random-effects models. Bias risk assessment Joanna Briggs Institute. Of 2585 reviewed, 92 (N=9,361,716) met eligibility criteria. Across study period (1990–2019), pooling prevalence estimates ultrasound-defined yielded overall 30.05% (95% CI: 27.88%–32.32%) 30.69% (28.4–33.09), respectively. Global increased by +50.4% 25.26% (21.59–29.33) in 1990–2006 38.00% (33.71–42.49) 2016–2019 ( p <0.001); +38.7% 25.16% (19.46–31.87) 34.59% (29.05–40.57) =0.029). The highest Latin America 44.37% (30.66%–59.00%), then Middle East North Africa (MENA) (36.53%, 28.63%–45.22%), South Asia (33.83%, 22.91%–46.79%), South-East (33.07%, 18.99%–51.03%), (31.20%, 25.86%–37.08%), (29.71%, 25.96%–33.76%), Pacific 28.02% (24.69%–31.60%), Western Europe 25.10% (20.55%–30.28%). Among cohort diagnosed without liver biopsy, pooled rate 1000 PY 12.60 (6.68–23.67) all-cause mortality; 4.20 (1.34–7.05) cardiac-specific 2.83 (0.78–4.88) extrahepatic cancer-specific 0.92 (0.00–2.21) liver-specific Conclusions: 30% increasing which requires urgent comprehensive strategies raise awareness address all aspects on local, regional, levels.

Language: Английский

---

Human Wound and Its Burden: Updated 2020 Compendium of Estimates

Advances in Wound Care, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(5), P. 281 - 292

Published: March 18, 2021

Significance: Chronic wounds impact the quality of life (QoL) nearly 2.5% total population in United States and management has a significant economic on health care. Given aging population, continued threat diabetes obesity worldwide, persistent problem infection, it is expected that chronic will continue to be substantial clinical, social, challenge. In 2020, coronavirus disease (COVID) pandemic dramatically disrupted care including wound A nonhealing (CNHW) typically correlated with comorbidities such as diabetes, vascular deficits, hypertension, kidney disease. These risk factors make persons CNHW at high for severe, sometimes lethal outcomes if infected severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (pathogen causing COVID-19). The COVID-19 impacted several aspects continuum, compliance visits, prompting alternative approaches (use telemedicine creation videos help dressing changes among others), encouraging do-it-yourself protocol use homemade remedies/substitutions. Recent Advances: There developing interest understanding how social determinants QoL patients. Furthermore, addressing light highlighted importance options continuum Future Directions: economic, continues rise requires appropriate investment structured approach care, education, related research.

Language: Английский

---

Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes in India

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 69(11), P. 2932 - 2938

Published: Oct. 29, 2021

The burden of diabetes is high and increasing globally, in developing economies like India, mainly fueled by the prevalence overweight/obesity unhealthy lifestyles. estimates 2019 showed that 77 million individuals had which expected to rise over 134 2045. Approximately 57% these remain undiagnosed. Type 2 diabetes, accounts for majority cases, can lead multiorgan complications, broadly divided into microvascular macrovascular complications. These complications are a significant cause increased premature morbidity mortality among with leading reduced life expectancy financial other costs profound economic on Indian health care system. risk largely influence ethnicity, age, obesity physical inactivity, diet, behavioral habits addition genetics family history. Good control blood sugar pressure lipid levels prevent and/or delay onset prevention management associated huge challenge India due several issues barriers, including lack multisectoral approach, surveillance data, awareness regarding its factors access settings, affordable medicines, etc. Thus, effective promotion primary prevention, at both, individual population need hour curb epidemic reduce diabetes-related India.

Language: Английский

---

Oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and related complications: Current therapeutics strategies and future perspectives

Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 184, P. 114 - 134

Published: April 7, 2022

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a persistent metabolic disorder rising rapidly worldwide. It characterized by pancreatic insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Hyperglycemia induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production oxidative stress are correlated with the pathogenesis progression of this disease. To counteract harmful effects ROS, endogenous antioxidants body or exogenous neutralise it maintain bodily homeostasis. Under hyperglycemic conditions, imbalance between cellular antioxidant system ROS results in stress, which subsequently development diabetes. These produced endoplasmic reticulum, phagocytic cells peroxisomes, mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) playing pivotal role. The exacerbated can directly cause structural functional modifications proteins, lipids nucleic acids. also modulates several intracellular signaling pathways that lead to impairment function. In addition, hyperglycemia-induced contributes micro- macro-vascular diabetic complications. Various in-vivo in-vitro studies have demonstrated anti-oxidative natural products their derived bioactive compounds. However, there conflicting clinical evidence on beneficial these therapies prevention. This review article focused multifaceted role caused overproduction related complications possible antioxidative therapeutic strategies targeting

Language: Английский

---

Is early-onset cancer an emerging global epidemic? Current evidence and future implications

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(10), P. 656 - 673

Published: Sept. 6, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Skin Wound Healing: Normal Macrophage Function and Macrophage Dysfunction in Diabetic Wounds

Molecules, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 26(16), P. 4917 - 4917

Published: Aug. 13, 2021

Macrophages play a prominent role in wound healing. In the early stages, they promote inflammation and remove pathogens, debris, cells that have apoptosed. Later repair process, dampen secrete factors regulate proliferation, differentiation, migration of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, leading to neovascularisation closure. The macrophages coordinate this process are complex: originate from different sources distinct phenotypes with diverse functions act at various times process. individuals diabetes altered, displaying hyperresponsiveness inflammatory stimulants increased secretion pro-inflammatory cytokines. They also reduced ability phagocytose pathogens efferocytose undergone apoptosis. This leads capacity and, as efferocytosis is trigger for their phenotypic switch, it reduces number M2 reparative wound. can lead diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) forming contributes risk not healing becoming infected, potentially, amputation. Understanding macrophage dysregulation DFUs how these might be along associated inflammation, will ultimately allow better therapies complement current treatment increase DFU's rates.

Language: Английский

---

Interpreting global trends in type 2 diabetes complications and mortality

Diabetologia, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 65(1), P. 3 - 13

Published: Nov. 27, 2021

Abstract International trends in traditional diabetes complications (cardiovascular, renal, peripheral vascular, ophthalmic, hepatic or neurological diseases) and mortality rates are poorly characterised. An earlier review of studies published up to 2015 demonstrated that most data come from a dozen high-income countries (HICs) North America, Europe the Asia–Pacific region that, these at least, acute glycaemic fluctuations needing medical attention amputations, myocardial infarction were all declining over period. Here, we provide an updated literature on type 2 adults since 2015. We also discuss issues related collection, analysis reporting have influenced global its complications. found diabetes, small number HICs with comprehensive surveillance systems, though least some low- middle-income (LMICs) Africa Latin America represented this review. The suggest experienced declines cardiovascular complication all-cause people diabetes. In parallel, increased time LMICs. However, caution is warranted interpreting LMICs due extremely sparse not comparable across countries. noted approaches case ascertainment definitions (numerators) (the denominator) vary widely influence interpretation international data. offer four key recommendations more rigorously document mortality, worldwide: (1) increasing investments collection systems; (2) standardising ascertainment; (3) strengthening analytical capacity; (4) developing implementing structured guidelines for Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

---

Pragmatic solutions to reduce the global burden of stroke: a World Stroke Organization–Lancet Neurology Commission

The Lancet Neurology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(12), P. 1160 - 1206

Published: Oct. 9, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Diabetic retinopathy detection and classification using capsule networks

Complex & Intelligent Systems, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 2651 - 2664

Published: March 17, 2021

Abstract Nowadays, diabetic retinopathy is a prominent reason for blindness among the people who suffer from diabetes. Early and timely detection of this problem critical good prognosis. An automated system purpose contains several phases like identification classification lesions in fundus images. Machine learning techniques based on manual extraction features automatic with convolution neural network have been presented detection. The recent developments capsule networks deep their significant success over traditional machine methods variety applications inspired researchers to apply them diagnosis. In paper, reformed developed retinopathy. Using primary layer, are extracted images then using class layer softmax probability that image belongs specific estimated. efficiency proposed validated concerning four performance measures by considering Messidor dataset. constructed attains an accuracy 97.98%, 97.65%, 98.64% healthy retina, stage 1, 2, 3

Language: Английский

---

Diabetic retinopathy as the leading cause of blindness and early predictor of cascading complications—risks and mitigation

The EPMA Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 21 - 42

Published: Feb. 13, 2023

Abstract Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) the sequel of (DR), a frequent complication diabetes mellitus (DM), is leading cause blindness in working-age population. The current screening process for DR risk not sufficiently effective such that often disease undetected until irreversible damage occurs. Diabetes-associated small vessel and neuroretinal changes create vicious cycle resulting conversion into PDR with characteristic ocular attributes including excessive mitochondrial retinal cell damage, chronic inflammation, neovascularisation, reduced visual field. considered an independent predictor other severe complications as ischemic stroke. A “domino effect” highly cascading DM which early indicator impaired molecular signaling. Mitochondrial health control clinically relevant management, multi-omic tear fluid analysis can be instrumental prognosis prediction. Altered metabolic pathways bioenergetics, microvascular deficits disease, tissue remodelling are focus this article evidence-based targets predictive approach to develop diagnosis treatment algorithms tailored individual cost-effective prevention by implementing paradigm shift from reactive medicine predictive, preventive, personalized (PPPM) primary secondary care management.

Language: Английский

---