Diabetic retinopathy as the leading cause of blindness and early predictor of cascading complications—risks and mitigation

The EPMA Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 21 - 42

Published: Feb. 13, 2023

Abstract Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) the sequel of (DR), a frequent complication diabetes mellitus (DM), is leading cause blindness in working-age population. The current screening process for DR risk not sufficiently effective such that often disease undetected until irreversible damage occurs. Diabetes-associated small vessel and neuroretinal changes create vicious cycle resulting conversion into PDR with characteristic ocular attributes including excessive mitochondrial retinal cell damage, chronic inflammation, neovascularisation, reduced visual field. considered an independent predictor other severe complications as ischemic stroke. A “domino effect” highly cascading DM which early indicator impaired molecular signaling. Mitochondrial health control clinically relevant management, multi-omic tear fluid analysis can be instrumental prognosis prediction. Altered metabolic pathways bioenergetics, microvascular deficits disease, tissue remodelling are focus this article evidence-based targets predictive approach to develop diagnosis treatment algorithms tailored individual cost-effective prevention by implementing paradigm shift from reactive medicine predictive, preventive, personalized (PPPM) primary secondary care management.

Language: Английский

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Using Deep Learning Architectures for Detection and Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy

Sensors, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(12), P. 5726 - 5726

Published: June 19, 2023

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of long-term diabetes, affecting the human eye and potentially leading to permanent blindness. The early detection DR crucial for effective treatment, as symptoms often manifest in later stages. manual grading retinal images time-consuming, prone errors, lacks patient-friendliness. In this study, we propose two deep learning (DL) architectures, hybrid network combining VGG16 XGBoost Classifier, DenseNet 121 network, classification. To evaluate DL models, preprocessed collection obtained from APTOS 2019 Blindness Detection Kaggle Dataset. This dataset exhibits an imbalanced image class distribution, which addressed through appropriate balancing techniques. performance considered models was assessed terms accuracy. results showed that achieved accuracy 79.50%, while model 97.30%. Furthermore, comparative analysis with existing methods utilizing same revealed superior network. findings study demonstrate potential architectures classification DR. highlights its effectiveness domain. implementation such automated can significantly improve efficiency diagnosis, benefiting both healthcare providers patients.

Language: Английский

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The global, regional and national burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the past, present and future: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: July 14, 2023

To report the global, regional, and national burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in 2019, assess its trends past, forecast future.The main data source was Global Burden Disease 2019 database. We assessed changes T2DM from 1990 to with joinpoint regression analysis. Age-period-cohort analysis used incidence mortality rate 2020 2034.The has increased generally. The low-middle socio-demographic index (SDI) region had highest increase age-standardized (ASIR), prevalence (ASPR), (ASMR), disability-adjusted life years (ASDR) due T2DM. Nationally, ASIR (r=0.151, p=0.046) decrease ASMR (r=0.355, p<0.001) were positively correlated SDIs. In global ASIR, ASPR, ASMR, ASDR 259.9 (95% UI 240.3-281.4), 5282.9 4853.6-5752.1), 18.5 17.2-19.7), 801.5 55477000-79005200) per 100,000 population, respectively. Additionally, (r=0.153, p=0.030) ASPR (r=0.159, p=0.024) SDIs, while (r=-0.226, p=0.001) (r=-0.171, p=0.015) negatively estimated 284.42, 19.1 2030 2034, population.Globally, past continue increasing. Greater investment prevention is needed.

Language: Английский

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Recommendations for initial diabetic retinopathy screening of diabetic patients using large language model-based artificial intelligence in real-life case scenarios

International Journal of Retina and Vitreous, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Abstract Purpose To study the role of artificial intelligence (AI) to identify key risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening and develop recommendations based on clinician large language model (LLM) AI platform opinions newly detected diabetes mellitus (DM) cases. Methods Five clinicians three applications were given 20 AI-generated hypothetical case scenarios assess DR timing. We calculated inter-rater agreements between clinicians, AI-platforms, “majority response” (defined as maximum number identical responses provided by clinicians) AI-platform” among 3 distinct AI). Scoring was used different severity. Three, two, one points requiring immediately, within a year, five years, respectively. After calculating cumulative score, categories assigned. Results Clinicians, platforms, had fair reliability (k value: 0.21–0.40). Uncontrolled DM systemic co-morbidities required immediate screening, while family history co-existing pregnancy year. The absence these 5 years diagnosis. Screening scores in this 0 10. Cases with 0–2 needed 3–5 1 6–12 immediately. Conclusion Based findings study, could play critical diagnosed patients developing novel score. Future studies would be validate score before it reference real-life clinical situations. Clinical trial registration Not applicable.

Language: Английский

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Diabetic Foot Ulcer in India: Aetiological Trends and Bacterial Diversity

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 27(2), P. 107 - 114

Published: March 1, 2023

Diabetes is one of the most prevalent epidemic metabolic disorders, responsible for a significant amount physical, psychological and economic loss in human society. Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) extreme pathophysiological consequences diabetes. Bacterial infection important cause chronic DFU. species or their biofilms show multidrug resistance, which complicates DFU consequently leads to amputation infected part. Since Indian population comprises diverse ethnic cultural groups, this could influence aetiology diabetic infections bacterial diversity. We reviewed 56 articles published from 2005 2022 on microbiology extracted data study location, number patients analysed study, complications, age patients, sex patient, type bacteria, (mono polymicrobial), predominant bacteria (Gram-positive Gram-negative), isolates multiple drug resistance (tested not). described aetiological trends The revealed that Gram-negative are as compared Gram-positive individuals with diabetes India. Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa Klebsiella sp. Proteus were while Staphylococcus aureus Enterococcus major discuss context diversity, sampling methods, demography aetiology.

Language: Английский

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Antidiabetic activity of mango peel extract and mangiferin in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: March 20, 2023

Abstract Background In diabetic animals, there is a significant increase in plasma glucose, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein levels, decreased body weight, liver muscle glycogen, high-density lipoprotein. Effective treatment of diabetes mellitus not yet known, even though the management considered global concern. Plants herbs have played an important role healthcare many societies throughout history. Today’s researchers are investigating potential for using these nonpharmaceutical approaches to treat control diabetes, either conjunction with standard treatments or as alternative them. Herbal formulations favored because lower cost fewer side effects compared other methods alleviating its consequences. ethnomedicinal practices, different parts Mangifera indica used diabetes. The present investigation was undertaken evaluate antidiabetic activity ethanolic extract mangiferin alloxan-induced rats. This experiment conducted set two four groups animals namely (Tc), alloxan (Ta), (Tae), (Tam). To develop Wistar rats treated 150 mg/kg b.w. monohydrate were injected intraperitoneally. Tae Tam’s received freshly prepared single dose distilled water via oral route. All experimental laboratory pallet feed diet drinking ad libitum. Diabetic 21 days mango peel pure orally daily at rates 200 20 Results An rat significantly improved overhead impact due There ( p < 0.05) weight loss whereas given showed from 2 weeks onwards comparison control. Alloxan-induced (Ta) group higher blood glucose levels 0.01) group. Mango reduced fasting after animals. influence glycogen synthesis pathway by increasing liver. found nonsignificant on cholesterol HDL difference LDL Mangiferin triglyceride VLDL when Histopathological examination pancreas type I caused that therapy restored beta cell function well rejuvenation Islets Langerhans. Conclusions antidiabetic, glycogenesis, hypolipidemic properties administered Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

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The Significance of Quercetin-Loaded Advanced Nanoformulations for The Management of Diabetic Wounds

Nanomedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(4), P. 391 - 411

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Quercetin is a well-known plant flavanol that exhibits multiple biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. The role of quercetin in wound healing has been widely explored by range researchers different models. However, the physicochemical properties, such as solubility permeability, this compound are low, which ultimately limits its bioavailability on target site. To overcome these limitations for successful therapy, scientists have developed nanoformulations provide effective therapeutic potential. In review, broad mechanism acute chronic wounds covered. A compilation recent advances horizon via incorporated with several advanced nanoformulations.

Language: Английский

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Fenugreek derived diosgenin as an emerging source for diabetic therapy

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that endangers the entire body’s tissues and organs. impairs glucose insulin regulation in human body by causing pancreatic cell damage. modifies pathways such as serine/threonine protein kinase (Akt) Protein C (PKC)/- transporter 4 (GLUT4), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) absorption, inhibits α-amylase α-glucosidase, Sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT-1), Na + -K -ATPase activity. may also be caused decrease expression of sterol regulatory element binding (SREBP-1) its target genes, fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACC), well levels C/EBP homologous (CHOP), Caspase12, Caspase3 proteins. has long been linked to diseases cardiovascular, nervous, skeletal, reproductive, hepatic, ocular, renal systems. Diosgenin, steroidal compound derived from fenugreek, aids prevention diabetes altering cellular favor healthy bodily functions. Diosgenin new nutraceutical on market claims cure particular. This article focuses diosgenin extraction purification, fenugreek bioactive compounds, pharmacological properties diosgenin, mode action diabetes, dosages.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the therapeutic mechanism of potential phytocompounds from Kalanchoe pinnata in the treatment of diabetes mellitus by integrating network pharmacology, molecular docking and simulation approach

Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32(5), P. 102026 - 102026

Published: March 13, 2024

Since ancient times, bioactive phytocompounds from different parts of medicinal plants have been used to heal various disease ailments and they are now regarded as a valuable source prevention globally. Kalanchoe pinnata is member the Crassulaceae family; it has long history usage in traditional ayurvedic treatment. Analysis compounds for their potential anti-type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mechanism along with in-vitro in-silico approaches was studied present research. The alpha-amylase alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity methanolic extract (α-amylase: IC50 29.50 ± 0.04 μg/ml; α-glucosidase 32.04 0.35 μg/ml) exhibit high degree similarity standard drug acarbose (IC50 35.82 0.14 μg/ml). Different biological databases were list plant, ADME analysis using swissADME carried out screen that obeyed Lipinski rule 5 employed further. STRING KEGG pathway performed gene enrichment followed by network pharmacology identify key target proteins involved DM. AMY2A, NOX4, RPS6KA3, ADRA2A, CHRM5, IL2 identified core targets luteolin, kaempferol, alpha amyrin, stigmasterol modulating neuroactive ligand interaction, P13-AKT, MAPK, PPAR signaling pathways. Molecular docking study binding affinity among K. against aldose reductase, alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Alpha-amylase-friedelin [FRI] alpha-amylase-acarbose [STD] complexes subjected molecular simulation 200 ns duration depicted stability proteins. In current study, employing dual approach enzyme assays yielded comprehensive strong understanding its therapeutic properties, making significant step towards development novel anti-diabetic

Language: Английский

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Urban–Rural Differences in the Prevalence of Diabetes Among Adults in Haryana, India: The ICMR-INDIAB Study (ICMR-INDIAB-18)

Diabetes Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 1597 - 1613

Published: May 21, 2024

Diabetes is a multifactorial disease with far-reaching consequences. Environmental factors, such as urban or rural residence, influence its prevalence and associated comorbidities. Haryana-a north Indian state-has undergone rapid urbanisation, part of it included in the National Capital Region (NCR). The primary aim study to estimate diabetes Haryana urban-rural, NCR non-NCR regional stratification assess factors affecting likelihood having among adults.

Language: Английский

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