Coral bleaching patterns are the outcome of complex biological and environmental networking

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 68 - 79

Published: Oct. 16, 2019

Abstract Continued declines in coral reef health over the past three decades have been punctuated by severe mass bleaching‐induced mortality events that grown intensity and frequency under climate change. Intensive global research efforts therefore persistently focused on bleaching phenomena to understand where corals bleach, when why—resulting a large—yet still somewhat patchy—knowledge base. Particularly catastrophic 5 years catalyzed calls for more diverse set of management tools, extending far beyond mitigation protection, also include aggressive interventions. However, effectiveness these various tools now rests rapidly assimilating our knowledge base into integrated frameworks. Here, we consider how intensive has established basis complex biological environmental networks, which together regulate outcomes severity. We discuss enough scaffold conceptual frameworks underpinning susceptibility, but new are urgently required translate this an operational system informing—and testing—bleaching outcomes. Specifically, adopting network models can fully describe predict metabolic functioning holobionts, is regulated doses interactions among factors. Identifying gaps limiting operation such logical step immediately guide prioritize future experiments observations. at time‐critical point implement capacity resolve patterns emerge from biological–environmental so effectively inform evolving ecological social adaptation aimed securing reefs.

Language: Английский

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The coral microbiome in sickness, in health and in a changing world

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(8), P. 460 - 475

Published: March 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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Triggers, cascades, and endpoints: connecting the dots of coral bleaching mechanisms

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 99(3), P. 715 - 752

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

ABSTRACT The intracellular coral–dinoflagellate symbiosis is the engine that underpins success of coral reefs, one most diverse ecosystems on planet. However, breakdown and loss microalgal symbiont (i.e. bleaching) due to environmental changes are resulting in rapid degradation reefs globally. There an urgent need understand cellular physiology bleaching at mechanistic level help develop solutions mitigate reef crisis. Here, unprecedented scope, we present novel models integrate putative mechanisms within a common framework according triggers (initiators bleaching, e.g. heat, cold, light stress, hypoxia, hyposalinity), cascades (cellular pathways, photoinhibition, unfolded protein response, nitric oxide), endpoints (mechanisms loss, apoptosis, necrosis, exocytosis/vomocytosis). supported by direct evidence from cnidarian systems, indirectly through comparative evolutionary analyses non‐cnidarian systems. With this approach, new have been established between initiated different triggers. In particular, provide insights into poorly understood connections highlight role mechanism i.e. ‘symbiolysosomal digestion’, which symbiophagy. This review also increases approachability for specialists non‐specialists mapping vast landscape atlas comprehensible detailed models. We then discuss major knowledge gaps how future research may improve understanding cascade pathways (endpoints).

Language: Английский

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Acclimatization of massive reef-building corals to consecutive heatwaves

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 286(1898), P. 20190235 - 20190235

Published: March 6, 2019

Reef-building corals typically live close to the upper limits of their thermal tolerance and even small increases in summer water temperatures can lead bleaching mortality. Projections coral reef futures based on forecasts ocean indicate that by end this century, will experience current thresholds annually, which would widespread devastation ecosystems. Here, we use skeletal cores long-lived Porites collected from 14 reefs across northern Great Barrier Reef, Coral Sea, New Caledonia evaluate changes sensitivity heat stress since 1815. High-density ‘stress bands’—indicative past bleaching—first appear during a strong pre-industrial El Niño event 1877 but become significantly more frequent late twentieth early twenty-first centuries accordance with rising anthropogenic global warming. However, proportion bands declines following successive events century despite increasing exposure stress. Our findings demonstrate an increase reef-building offer glimmer hope at least some species acclimatize fast enough keep pace

Language: Английский

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Enhancing the heat tolerance of reef-building corals to future warming

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(34)

Published: Aug. 20, 2021

Selective breeding increases the resilience of reef-building corals to climate warming.

Language: Английский

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How does warmer sea water change the sensitivity of a Mediterranean thermophilic coral after immune-stimulation?

Coral Reefs, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(1), P. 137 - 150

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Abstract Anthropogenic climate change is warming sea water worldwide, pushing the limits of tolerance for marine organisms and driving a decline in biodiversity. The risk thermal anomalies has increased particularly Mediterranean region over last 30 yrs, where intense been identified as one main stressors coastal regions. To determine influence warmer conditions on immunity an endemic coral species, different immune activity parameters were compared response to elevated temperature (~ 28 °C) presence pathogen-associated molecular pattern— Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)—as elicitor innate Astroides calycularis . Immune parameters, which included phenoloxidase-like, glutathione peroxidase, lysozyme-like, alkaline phosphatase, esterase enzyme activity, measured time after LPS balneation (0-, 12-, 48-, 120 h point). All five enzymes demonstrated constant values under environmental 23 °C), indicating constituent activity. at induced significant upregulation immediately exposure (0 h-time point), demonstrating pathogen elicitor. Under time, shift strategy maintain homeostasis. However, water, within summer range experienced by this impaired LPS, delaying it time. These changes indicate that affects and, thermophilic A. , results energy trade-off could its health-state through suboptimal during multiple perturbations, such summertime diseases.

Language: Английский

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Innate immunity and cnidarian-Symbiodiniaceae mutualism

Developmental & Comparative Immunology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 90, P. 199 - 209

Published: Sept. 27, 2018

Language: Английский

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Symbiont community diversity is more variable in corals that respond poorly to stress

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(4), P. 2220 - 2234

Published: Feb. 12, 2020

Coral reefs are declining globally as climate change and local water quality press environmental conditions beyond the physiological tolerances of holobionts-the collective host its microbial symbionts. To assess relationship between symbiont composition holobiont stress tolerance, community diversity metrics were quantified for dinoflagellate endosymbionts (Family: Symbiodiniaceae) from eight Acropora millepora genets that thrived under or responded poorly to various stressors. These selected represent upper lower tails response distribution 40 coral exposed four treatments (and control conditions) in a 10-day experiment. Specifically, 'best performer' analyzed at end experiment because they survived high temperature, pCO2 , bacterial exposure, combined stressors, whereas 'worst characterized experienced substantial mortality these At experiment, seven mainly hosted Cladocopium symbionts, eighth genet was dominated by both Durusdinium Symbiodiniaceae alpha beta higher worst performing than best genets. Symbiont communities performers also differed more after exposure relative their controls (based on normalized proportional differences diversity), did performers. A generalized joint attribute model estimated influence treatment identified strong associations among particular symbionts performance, well weaker with treatment. Although dominant physiology function contribute findings emphasize importance stochasticity components performance. Our suggest may indicators resilience have potential applications diverse disciplines adaptation agriculture medicine.

Language: Английский

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Pervasive tandem duplications and convergent evolution shape coral genomes

Genome biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: June 1, 2023

Over the last decade, several coral genomes have been sequenced allowing a better understanding of these symbiotic organisms threatened by climate change. Scleractinian corals are reef builders and central to ecosystems, providing habitat great diversity species.In frame Tara Pacific expedition, we assemble two genomes, Porites lobata Pocillopora cf. effusa, with vastly improved contiguity that allows us study functional organization genomes. We annotate their gene catalog report relatively higher number than found in other public genome sequences, 43,000 32,000 genes, respectively. This finding is explained high tandemly duplicated accounting for almost third predicted genes. show genes originate from multiple distinct duplication events throughout lineage. They contribute amplification families, mostly related immune system disease resistance, which suggest be functionally linked host resilience.At large, importance inform biology reef-building provide novel avenues understand screen differences stress resilience.

Language: Английский

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Heat‐tolerant intertidal rock pool coral Porites lutea can potentially adapt to future warming

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 33(5)

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Abstract The growing threat of global warming on coral reefs underscores the urgency identifying heat‐tolerant corals and discovering their adaptation mechanisms to high temperatures. Corals in intertidal rock pools that vary markedly daily temperature may have improved heat tolerance. In this study, stress experiments were performed scleractinian Porites lutea from subtidal habitat pool Weizhou Island northern South China Sea. Thermotolerance differences two habitats explored through phenotype, physiological indicators, ITS2, 16S rRNA, RNA sequencing. At extremely 34°C, P. had a stronger tolerance than those habitat. strong antioxidant capacity host its microbial partners was important resistance at 34°C immune apoptotic regulation, downregulated metabolism disease‐infection‐related pathways compared , habitat, upregulated Cladocopium C15 (Symbiodiniaceae) photosynthetic efficiency photoprotection, significantly increased bacterial diversity probiotics, including ABY1, Ruegeria Alteromonas . These findings indicate can tolerate temperatures integrated response holobionts. be ‘touchstones’ for future warming. Our research provides new insights into complex by which resist theoretical basis reef ecosystem restoration selection stress‐resistant populations.

Language: Английский

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