Advances in therapeutic applications of extracellular vesicles

Science Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(492)

Published: May 15, 2019

Understanding extracellular vesicle biology and production will pave the way for a new type of biotherapeutic.

Language: Английский

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Exosomes and Ectosomes in Intercellular Communication

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 28(8), P. R435 - R444

Published: April 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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Obstacles and opportunities in the functional analysis of extracellular vesicle RNA – an ISEV position paper

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: March 7, 2017

The release of RNA-containing extracellular vesicles (EV) into the milieu has been demonstrated in a multitude different vitro cell systems and variety body fluids. EV are limelight for their capacity to communicate genetically encoded messages other cells, suitability as candidate biomarkers diseases, use therapeutic agents. Although EV-RNA attracted enormous interest from basic researchers, clinicians, industry, we currently have limited knowledge on which mechanisms drive regulate RNA incorporation how RNA-encoded affect signalling processes EV-targeted cells. Moreover, research faces various technical challenges, such standardisation isolation methods, optimisation methodologies isolate characterise minute quantities found EV, development approaches demonstrate functional transfer vivo. These topics were discussed at 2015 workshop International Society Extracellular Vesicles. This position paper was written by participants not only give an overview current state field, but also clarify that our incomplete - nature EV(-RNA)s effectively reliably study them prohibits implementation gold standards research. In addition, this creates awareness possibilities limitations used strategies investigate calls caution interpretation obtained data.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles in Angiogenesis

Circulation Research, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 120(10), P. 1658 - 1673

Published: May 11, 2017

During the past decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes, have emerged as important players in cell-to-cell communication normal physiology pathological conditions. EVs encapsulate convey various bioactive molecules that are further transmitted to neighboring or more distant cells, where they induce signaling cascades. The message delivered target cells is dependent on EV composition, which, turn, determined by cell of origin surrounding microenvironment during biogenesis. Among their multifaceted role modulation biological responses, involvement vascular development, growth, maturation has been widely documented potential therapeutic application regenerative medicine angiogenesis-related diseases drawing increasing interest. derived from types deliver complex information endothelial either pro- antiangiogenic signaling. As dynamic systems, response changes microenvironment, adapt cargo composition fine-tune process blood vessel formation. This article reviews current knowledge microvesicles exosomes cellular origins angiogenesis, with a particular emphasis underlying mechanisms, discusses main challenges prerequisites for applications.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles Provide a Means for Tissue Crosstalk during Exercise

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 27(1), P. 237 - 251.e4

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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Therapeutically harnessing extracellular vesicles

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(5), P. 379 - 399

Published: March 2, 2022

Language: Английский

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Biology and biogenesis of shed microvesicles

Small GTPases, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 8(4), P. 220 - 232

Published: Aug. 5, 2016

The ability of cells to transmit bioactive molecules recipient and the extracellular environment is a fundamental requirement for both normal physiology disease pathogenesis. It has traditionally been thought that soluble factors released from were responsible this cellular signaling but recent research revealed role microvesicles in process. Microvesicles are heterogeneous membrane-bound sacs shed surface into highly regulated They following selective incorporation host molecular cargo including multiple types proteins nucleic acids. In addition providing new insight etiology complex human diseases, also show great promise as tool advanced diagnosis therapy we move forward age personalized medicine. Here review current status rapidly evolving field microvesicle biology, highlighting critical regulatory roles several small GTPases biology biogenesis microvesicles.

Language: Английский

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Detailed analysis of the plasma extracellular vesicle proteome after separation from lipoproteins

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 75(15), P. 2873 - 2886

Published: Feb. 13, 2018

The isolation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from blood is great importance to understand the biological role circulating EVs and develop as biomarkers disease. Due concurrent presence lipoprotein particles, however, one most difficult body fluids isolate from. aim this study was a robust method characterise with minimal contamination by plasma proteins particles. Plasma serum were collected healthy subjects, isolated size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), particles being present in fractions 8–12, while bulk 11–28. Vesicle markers peaked 7–11; same also contained purity improved combining density cushion SEC further separate vesicles, which reduced 100-fold. Using novel procedure, total 1187 identified mass spectrometry, several are known EV-associated but have hitherto not been previous proteomic studies EVs. This shows that alone unable completely However, significantly separation lipoproteins allowed for detailed analysis proteome EVs, thus making viable source EV biomarker discovery.

Language: Английский

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Challenges and opportunities in exosome research—Perspectives from biology, engineering, and cancer therapy

APL Bioengineering, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: March 1, 2019

Exosomes are small (∼30-140 nm) lipid bilayer-enclosed particles of endosomal origin. They a subset extracellular vesicles (EVs) that secreted by most cell types. There has been growing interest in exosome research the last decade due to their emerging role as intercellular messengers and potential disease diagnosis. Indeed, exosomes contain proteins, lipids, RNAs specific origin could deliver cargo both nearby distant cells. As result, investigation contents offer opportunities for detection treatment. Moreover, have explored natural drug delivery vehicles since they can travel safely fluids destined cells with high specificity efficiency. Despite significant efforts made this relatively new field research, progress held back challenges such inefficient separation methods, difficulties characterization, lack biomarkers. In review, we summarize current knowledge biogenesis, roles progression, therapeutic applications bioengineering. Furthermore, highlight established technological developments isolation characterization. We aim consider critical provide directions future studies.

Language: Английский

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Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Breach the Intact Blood–Brain Barrier via Transcytosis

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 13853 - 13865

Published: Sept. 3, 2019

The restrictive nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) creates a major challenge for brain drug delivery with current nanomedicines lacking ability to cross BBB. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown contribute progression variety diseases including metastatic cancer and suggested as promising therapeutics vehicles. However, native tumor-derived EVs breach BBB mechanism(s) involved in this process remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that can intact vivo, by using state-of-the-art vitro vivo models BBB, identified transcytosis mechanism underlying process. Moreover, high spatiotemporal resolution microscopy demonstrated endothelial recycling endocytic pathway is transcellular transport. We further identify characterize which circumvent low physiologic rate decreasing expression rab7 increasing efficiency their These findings previously unknown mechanisms an during course metastasis be leveraged guide inform development approaches deliver therapeutic cargoes across treatment including, but not limited to, malignancies.

Language: Английский

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