Exosomes as mediators of intercellular crosstalk in metabolism

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33(9), P. 1744 - 1762

Published: Sept. 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Derived Exosomes for Immunomodulatory Therapeutics and Skin Regeneration

Cells, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(5), P. 1157 - 1157

Published: May 7, 2020

Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles that serve as mediators for cell-to-cell communication. With their unique nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids cargo compositions reflect the characteristics of producer cells, exosomes can be utilized cell-free therapeutics. Among derived from various cellular origins, mesenchymal stem cell-derived (MSC-exosomes) have gained great attention due to immunomodulatory regenerative functions. Indeed, many studies shown anti-inflammatory, anti-aging wound healing effects MSC-exosomes in vitro vivo models. In addition, recent advances field exosome biology enabled development specific guidelines quality control methods, which will ultimately lead clinical application exosomes. This review highlights investigate therapeutic potential relevant mode actions skin diseases, well measures required exosome-derived

Language: Английский

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Zeta Potential of Extracellular Vesicles: Toward Understanding the Attributes that Determine Colloidal Stability

ACS Omega, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(27), P. 16701 - 16710

Published: June 30, 2020

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles (<200 nm), play a vital role in intercellular communication carry net negative surface charge under physiological conditions. Zeta potential (ZP) is popular method to measure the of EVs, while used as an indicator charge, colloidal stability influenced by chemistry, bioconjugation, theoretical model applied. Here, we investigated effects such factors on ZP well-characterized EVs derived from human choriocarcinoma JAr cells. The were suspended phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) various phosphate ionic concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1 mM), with or without detergent (Tween-20), presence (10 mM) different salts (NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, AlCl3) at pH values (4, 7, 10) was measured. changed inversely buffer concentration, Tween-20 caused significant (p < 0.05) lowering ZP. Moreover, significantly less ions higher valency (Al3+/Ca2+) than monovalent ones (Na+/K+). Besides, became acidic pH, vice versa. integrated data underpins crucial physicochemical attributes that influence EVs.

Language: Английский

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A Comprehensive Review on Factors Influences Biogenesis, Functions, Therapeutic and Clinical Implications of Exosomes

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: Volume 16, P. 1281 - 1312

Published: Feb. 1, 2021

Abstract: Exosomes are nanoscale-sized membrane vesicles secreted by almost all cell types into the extracellular environment upon fusion of multivesicular bodies and plasma membrane. Biogenesis exosomes is a protein quality control mechanism, once released, transmit signals to other cells. The applications have increased immensely in biomedical fields owing their cell-specific cargos that facilitate intercellular communications with neighboring cells through transfer biologically active compounds. diverse constituents reflect origin detection biological fluids represents diagnostic marker for various diseases. Exosome research expanding rapidly due potential clinical application therapeutics diagnosis. However, several aspects exosome biology remain elusive. To discover use applications, we must better understand basic molecular mechanisms underlying biogenesis function. In this comprehensive review, describe factors involved role signaling cell-cell communications, immune responses, cellular homeostasis, autophagy, infectious addition, discuss as markers, therapeutic implications. Furthermore, addressed challenges outstanding developments research, future perspectives. Keywords: vesicle, exosome, biogenesis, function, communication, response, autophagy

Language: Английский

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Exosome detection via the ultrafast-isolation system: EXODUS

Nature Methods, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(2), P. 212 - 218

Published: Jan. 11, 2021

Language: Английский

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Tumorigenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic potential of exosomes in liver cancer

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Dec. 1, 2019

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, also called primary liver cancer) is one of the most fatal cancers in world. Due to insidiousness onset HCC and lack effective treatment methods, prognosis extremely poor, 5-year average survival rate less than 10%. Exosomes are nano-sized microvesicle contain various components such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids. important carriers for signal transmission or transportation material from cell between cells tissues. In recent years, exosomes have been considered potential therapeutic targets HCC. A large number reports indicate that play a key role establishment an microenvironment, well development, progression, invasion, metastasis, even diagnosis, treatment, However, exact molecular mechanisms roles these processes remain unclear. We believe elucidation regulatory mechanism HCC-related its signaling pathway analysis clinical applications diagnosis can provide useful clues future regimens This article discusses summarizes research progress their applications.

Language: Английский

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Clinical applications of stem cell-derived exosomes

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

Abstract Although stem cell-based therapy has demonstrated considerable potential to manage certain diseases more successfully than conventional surgery, it nevertheless comes with inescapable drawbacks that might limit its clinical translation. Compared cells, cell-derived exosomes possess numerous advantages, such as non-immunogenicity, non-infusion toxicity, easy access, effortless preservation, and freedom from tumorigenic ethical issues. Exosomes can inherit similar therapeutic effects their parental cells embryonic adult through vertical delivery of pluripotency or multipotency. After a thorough search meticulous dissection relevant literature the last five years, we present this comprehensive, up-to-date, specialty-specific disease-oriented review highlight surgical application exosomes. derived (e.g., embryonic, induced pluripotent, hematopoietic, mesenchymal, neural, endothelial cells) are capable treating encountered in orthopedic neurosurgery, plastic general cardiothoracic urology, head neck ophthalmology, obstetrics gynecology. The diverse cells-derived hierarchical translation tissue-specific responses, cell-specific molecular signaling pathways. In review, viable potent alternative managing various conditions. We recommend future research combines wisdoms surgeons, nanomedicine practitioners, cell researchers intriguing area.

Language: Английский

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Potential Use of Exosomes as Diagnostic Biomarkers and in Targeted Drug Delivery: Progress in Clinical and Preclinical Applications

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(6), P. 2106 - 2149

Published: May 14, 2021

Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles containing heterogeneous active biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, mRNAs, receptors, immune regulatory molecules, and nucleic acids. They typically range in size from 30 to 150 nm diameter. An exosome's surfaces can be bioengineered with antibodies, fluorescent dye, peptides, tailored for small molecule large biologics. have enormous potential a drug delivery vehicle due enhanced biocompatibility, excellent payload capability, reduced immunogenicity compared alternative polymeric-based carriers. Because of targeting specificity, exosomes capable delivering their cargo exosome-recipient cells. Additionally, potentially act early stage disease diagnostic tools the exosome carries various protein biomarkers associated specific disease. In this review, we summarize recent progress on composition, biological characterization, isolation techniques. Finally, outline clinical applications preclinical advancement provide an outlook importance use targeted delivery, biomarker study, vaccine development.

Language: Английский

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Challenges identifying efficacious miRNA therapeutics for cancer

Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 15(9), P. 987 - 991

Published: May 18, 2020

MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs (22–23 nucleotides), which regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and play key roles in tumorigenesis other diseases [1,2]. Mi...

Language: Английский

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Plant-derived extracellular vesicles: a novel nanomedicine approach with advantages and challenges

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: May 23, 2022

Abstract Background Many eukaryote cells produce membrane-enclosed extracellular vesicles (EVs) to establish cell-to-cell communication. Plant-derived EVs (P-EVs) contain proteins, RNAs, lipids, and other metabolites that can be isolated from the juice, flesh, roots of many species. Methods In present review study, we studied numerous articles over past two decades published on role P-EVs in plant physiology as well application these different diseases. Results Different types have been identified plants multiple functions including reorganization cell structure, development, facilitating crosstalk between fungi, immunity, defense against pathogens. Purified several edible species, are more biocompatible, biodegradable, extremely available plants, making them useful for cell-free therapy. Emerging evidence clinical preclinical studies suggest benefits conventional synthetic carriers, opening novel frontiers drug-delivery system. Exciting new opportunities, designing drug-loaded improve systems, already being examined, however translation P-EVs-based therapies faces challenges. Conclusion hold great promise treatment addition, despite enthusiastic results, further scrutiny should focus unravelling detailed mechanism behind biogenesis trafficking their therapeutic applications.

Language: Английский

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