Polyphenols and Human Health: The Role of Bioavailability

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 273 - 273

Published: Jan. 19, 2021

Polyphenols are a group of phytochemicals with potential health-promoting effects. They classified as flavonoid (flavonols, flavanols, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones, and anthocyanins) non-flavonoid molecules (phenolic acids, hydroxycinnamic lignans, stilbenes, tannins). Although an increasing number trials have shown correlation among polyphenol consumption reduction in risk factors for chronic diseases, discrepancies explaining their positive effects been found terms the bioavailability. In fact, polyphenols show low bioavailability due to several factors: interaction food matrix, metabolic processes mediated by liver (phase I II metabolism), intestine microbiota. On other hand, biological activities phenol compounds may be metabolites, which produced vivo, recent studies confirmed that these antioxidant anti-phlogistic properties. This review discusses performed consider different sources. Factors influencing main classes also considered.

Language: Английский

---

Gut microbiota from green tea polyphenol-dosed mice improves intestinal epithelial homeostasis and ameliorates experimental colitis

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Sept. 7, 2021

Abstract Background Alteration of the gut microbiota may contribute to development inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major bioactive constituent green tea, is known be beneficial in IBD alleviation. However, it unclear whether exerts an effect when EGCG attenuates IBD. Results We first explored oral or rectal delivery on DSS-induced murine colitis. Our results revealed that anti-inflammatory and colonic barrier integrity were enhanced by oral, but not rectal, EGCG. observed distinct EGCG-mediated alteration microbiome increasing Akkermansia abundance butyrate production. Next, we demonstrated pre-supplementation induced similar outcomes administration. Prophylactic attenuated colitis significantly enriched short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria such as SCFAs production mice. To validate these discoveries, performed fecal transplantation (FMT) sterile filtrate (SFF) inoculate DSS-treated Microbiota from EGCG-dosed mice alleviated over control SFF shown superiorly integrity, also SCFAs. Collectively, attenuation suggests intimate involvement SCFAs-producing , SCFAs, which was further prophylaxis FMT. Conclusions This study provides data indicating ameliorated inflammation microbiota-dependent manner. findings provide novel insights into remission potential modulator for prevent treat

Language: Английский

---

Polyphenol-Mediated Gut Microbiota Modulation: Toward Prebiotics and Further

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: June 28, 2021

The genome of gut microbes encodes a collection enzymes whose metabolic functions contribute to the bioavailability and bioactivity unabsorbed (poly)phenols. Datasets from high throughput sequencing, metabolome measurements, other omics have expanded understanding different modes actions by which (poly)phenols modulate microbiome conferring health benefits host. Progress been made identify direct prebiotic effects (poly)phenols; albeit up date, these compounds are not recognized as prebiotics sensu stricto . Interestingly, certain probiotics strains an enzymatic repertoire, such tannase, α-L-rhamnosidase, phenolic acid reductase, involved in transformation into bioactive metabolites. In vivo studies demonstrated that (poly)phenol-transforming bacteria thrive when provided with substrates. However, taxonomically distinct symbionts phenolic-metabolizing activity has still significantly promoted This is case Akkermansia muciniphila , so-called antiobesity bacterium, responds positively may be partially responsible for formerly attributed molecules. We surmise broad antimicrobial action free ecological niches occupied competing bacteria, thereby allowing bloom beneficial bacteria. review explores capacity promote through their collaborative bacterial utilization inhibitory on potential pathogenic species. propose term duplibiotic describe substrate modulating microbiota both action. (Poly)phenol effect could participate blunting disturbance dysbiosis, positioning dietary strategies therapeutic potential.

Language: Английский

---

Interaction of dietary polyphenols and gut microbiota: Microbial metabolism of polyphenols, influence on the gut microbiota, and implications on host health

Food Frontiers, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 1(2), P. 109 - 133

Published: June 1, 2020

Abstract The human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by a vast number of microorganisms that are called as the microbiota. Each individual harbors unique gut microbial composition, this composition evolves throughout host's lifetime and it easily affected internal or external changes. It has been shown microbiota plays crucial role in health complex community ability to interact with each other immune system, presence absence some major species can affect homeostasis. Diet be considered one pivotal factors modulating functionality, integrity, first organ exposed components diet. In review, we have focused on effects polyphenols, key compounds healthy diet several biological activities, their biotransformation microbiota, effect reciprocal interactions disease.

Language: Английский

---

Diet and Mental Health: Review of the Recent Updates on Molecular Mechanisms

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. 346 - 346

Published: April 23, 2020

Over the last decades, there has been a substantial increase in prevalence of mental health disorders, including an increased depression, anxiety, cognitive, and sleep disorders. Diet its bioactive components have recognized among modifiable risk factors, possibly influencing their pathogenesis. This review aimed to summarize molecular mechanisms underlying putative beneficial effects toward brain different dietary such as micro- macronutrient intake habits, feeding time circadian rhythm. The role hormonal homeostasis context glucose metabolism adiponectin regulation impact on systemic neuro-inflammation also considered deepened. In addition, effect individual molecules exerting antioxidant activities acting anti-inflammatory agents, omega-3 fatty acids polyphenols, for central nervous system via modulation adult neurogenesis, synaptic neuronal plasticity, microglia activation summarized. An overview gut–brain axis inflammation oxidative stress provided. Finally, association with

Language: Английский

---

New Developments of the Principle of Vinylogy as Applied to π-Extended Enolate-Type Donor Systems

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 120(5), P. 2448 - 2612

Published: Feb. 10, 2020

The principle of vinylogy states that the electronic effects a functional group in molecule are possibly transmitted to distal position through interposed conjugated multiple bonds. As an emblematic case, nucleophilic character π-extended enolate-type chain system may be relayed from legitimate α-site vinylogous γ, ε, ..., ω remote carbon sites along chain, provided suitable HOMO-raising strategies adopted transform unsaturated pronucleophilic precursors into reactive polyenolate species. On other hand, when “unnatural” carbonyl ipso-sites activated as nucleophiles (umpolung), vinylogation extends β, δ, ... sites. Merging with activation modalities and concepts such iminium ion/enamine organocatalysis, NHC-organocatalysis, cooperative organo/metal catalysis, bifunctional dicyanoalkylidene activation, organocascade reactions represents impressive step forward for all transformations. This review article celebrates this evolutionary progress, by collecting, comparing, critically describing achievements made over nine year period 2010–2018, generation donor substrates their use chemical synthesis.

Language: Английский

---

Diet-Derived Antioxidants: The Special Case of Ergothioneine

Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 323 - 345

Published: Jan. 10, 2023

This article reviews what is presently known about the biological roles of diet-derived compound ergothioneine (ET). ET seems important to humans because it rapidly taken up from diet by a transporter largely or completely specific for ET, and once retained within body weeks months. The various possible functions in vivo are explored. Much emphasis has been placed on antioxidant properties but although these well established vitro, evidence that activity principal function weak. not unique this: vitamin C polyphenols such as flavonoids also By contrast, α-tocopherol demonstrated effects humans.

Language: Английский

---

Molecular crosstalk between polyphenols and gut microbiota in cancer prevention

Nutrition Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 124, P. 21 - 42

Published: Jan. 27, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Cocoa Polyphenols and Gut Microbiota Interplay: Bioavailability, Prebiotic Effect, and Impact on Human Health

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 1908 - 1908

Published: June 27, 2020

Cocoa and its products are rich sources of polyphenols such as flavanols. These compounds exert antioxidant anti-inflammatory activities, accountable for cocoa health-promoting effects. However, poorly absorbed in the intestine, most them cannot reach systemic circulation their natural forms. Instead, secondary bioactive metabolites bioavailable, enter circulation, target organs, exhibit activities. In fact, once reaching interact bidirectionally with gut microbiota. can modulate composition microbiota exerting prebiotic mechanisms. They enhance growth beneficial bacteria, Lactobacillus Bifidobacterium, while reducing number pathogenic ones, Clostridium perfringens. On other hand, health, displaying positively affecting immunity, risk various diseases. This review aims to summarize available knowledge bidirectional interaction between health outcomes.

Language: Английский

---

Camellia sinensis and Litsea coreana Ameliorate Intestinal Inflammation and Modulate Gut Microbiota in Dextran Sulfate Sodium‐Induced Colitis Mice

Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 64(6)

Published: Jan. 17, 2020

Polyphenol-enriched herbal extracts have been proved as alternative therapeutic strategies for experimentally induced colitis. The in vivo and vitro anti-inflammatory effects of Camellia sinensis (green, white, yellow, oolong, black, dark tea) Litsea coreana (hawk are comparatively explored.HPLC analysis confirms dissimilarities among phytochemical compositions these teas. tea (TEs) significantly decrease the production pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-α) increase (IL-10) LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. treatment TEs mice can ameliorate colon inflammation, pro-oxidative enzyme activity, integrity, suppress activation nuclear factor-κB. Of note, green TE attenuates DSS-induced richness diversity gut microbiota. Moreover, capable exerting prebiotic effect on microbiota by increasing abundance potentially beneficial bacteria (e.g., Faecalibaculum, Bifidobacterium), decreasing harmful Bacteroids, Mucispirillum). restore decreased SCFAs feces colitic mice.The seven types alleviate mice, modulate dysbiosis mice.

Language: Английский

---