Health benefits of polyphenols: A concise review

Journal of Food Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 46(10)

Published: June 13, 2022

Plants produce polyphenols, which are considered highly essential functional foods in our diet. They classified into several groups according to their diverse chemical structures. Flavanoids, lignans, stilbenes, and phenolic acids the four main families of polyphenols. Several vivo vitro research have been conducted so far evaluate health consequences. Polyphenols serve a vital function protection organism from external stimuli eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS), instigators illnesses. present tea, chocolate, fruits, vegetables with potential positively influence human health. For instance, cocoa flavan-3-ols associated decreased risk myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes. diet also help improve lipid profiles, blood pressure, insulin resistance, systemic inflammation. Quercetin, flavonoid, resveratrol, stilbene, linked improved cardiovascular Dietary polyphenols elicit therapeutic effects might be attributed, at least part, bidirectional association gut microbiome. This is because known affect microbiome composition ways that lead better Specifically, converts bioactive compounds effects. In this review, antioxidant, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, anti-diabetic actions described based on findings experimental trials. Practical applications The non-communicable diseases (NCDs) burden has increasing worldwide due sedentary lifestyle other factors such as smoking, junk food, etc. Scientific literature evidence supports use plant-based food agents could alleviate NCD's burden. Thus, consuming polyphenolic natural sources an effective solution mitigate NCDs concerns. It discussed how antioxidants medicinal plants prevent or repair damage caused by free radicals, oxidative stress.

Language: Английский

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RONS and Oxidative Stress: An Overview of Basic Concepts

Oxygen, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(4), P. 437 - 478

Published: Oct. 10, 2022

Oxidative stress (OS) has greatly interested the research community in understanding damaging processes occurring cells. OS is triggered by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and their elimination antioxidant system; however, ROS function as second messengers under physiological conditions. are produced from endogenous exogenous sources. Endogenous sources involve mitochondria, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH), oxidases (NOXs), endoplasmic reticulum (ER), xanthine (XO), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOs), others. In contrast, might be generated through ultraviolet (UV) light, ionizing radiation (IR), contaminants, heavy metals, among It can damage DNA, lipids, proteins if not controlled. To avoid oxidative damage, systems activated. present review, we focus on basic concepts of OS, highlighting nitrogen (RONS) derived internal external last elimination. Moreover, include cellular system regulation ability to decrease OS. External antioxidants also proposed alternatives ameliorate Finally, review diseases involving mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the potential of antioxidants from fruits and vegetables and strategies for their recovery

Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 77, P. 102974 - 102974

Published: March 4, 2022

A balanced and nutritious diet is the cornerstone of good health. The nutritional pyramid advises eating 5 servings fruit vegetables a day as basic principle healthy diet, they provide essential nutrients such vitamins minerals, well fiber antioxidants. Consuming them in adequate quantities improves immune system helps prevent diseases diabetes, obesity, heart disease even certain types cancer. Among most nutrient-dense are This context for this review, which an exhaustive analysis has been carried out bioactive compounds with antioxidant capacity available widely produced Spain, considering not only studies that identify these compounds, but also those analyze their effects on human Furthermore, it worth highlighting interest extraction by-product streams from vegetable processing circular economy. Therefore, review includes examples green technologies antioxidants waste fractions. In field, microwave ultrasound-assisted have found to be efficient, both terms yields, similar conventional technologies, operating conditions required process. However, enzyme cocktails or pulsed electric fields show promising results.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress: The Role of Antioxidant Phytochemicals in the Prevention and Treatment of Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 3264 - 3264

Published: March 13, 2024

Oxidative stress, characterized by an imbalance favouring oxidants over antioxidants, is a key contributor to the development of various common diseases. Counteracting these considered effective strategy mitigate levels oxidative stress in organisms. Numerous studies have indicated inverse correlation between consumption vegetables and fruits risk chronic diseases, attributing health benefits presence antioxidant phytochemicals foods. Phytochemicals, present wide range foods medicinal plants, play pivotal role preventing treating diseases induced working as antioxidants. These compounds exhibit potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anticancer, protective properties against cardiovascular diabetes mellitus, obesity, neurodegenerative conditions. This comprehensive review delves into significance averting managing elucidating sources invaluable elements. Additionally, it provides summary recent advancements understanding associated with phytochemicals.

Language: Английский

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Beneficial Effects of Phenolic Compounds on Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Syndrome

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(7), P. 3715 - 3715

Published: April 2, 2021

The human intestine contains an intricate community of microorganisms, referred to as the gut microbiota (GM), which plays a pivotal role in host homeostasis. Multiple factors could interfere with this delicate balance, including genetics, age, medicines and environmental factors, particularly diet. Growing evidence supports involvement GM dysbiosis gastrointestinal (GI) extraintestinal metabolic diseases. beneficial effects dietary polyphenols preventing diseases have been subjected intense investigation over last twenty years. As our understanding advances knowledge antioxidant anti-inflammatory functions accumulates, there emerges need examine prebiotic polyphenols. This review firstly overviews importance health disease then reviews on modulation microbiota, their metabolites how they impact benefits. Inter-dependence between polyphenol vital balance two maintaining homeostasis are also discussed.

Language: Английский

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Polyphenols and Their Impact on the Prevention of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Development

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(15), P. 3454 - 3454

Published: Aug. 4, 2023

It is well known that neurodegenerative diseases’ development and progression are accelerated due to oxidative stress inflammation, which result in impairment of mitochondrial function, cellular damage, dysfunction DNA repair systems. The increased consumption antioxidants can postpone the these disorders improve quality patients’ lives who have already been diagnosed with diseases. Prolonging life span developed countries contributes an increase incidence ratio chronic age-related disorders, such as PD (Parkinson’s disease), AD (Alzheimer’s or numerous forms dementias. Dietary supplementation neuroprotective plant-derived polyphenols might be considered important element healthy aging. Some cognition, mood, visual functions, language, verbal memory functions. Polyphenols bioavailability differs greatly from one compound another determined by solubility, degree polymerization, conjugation, glycosylation resulting chemical structure. still unclear beneficial because their potential depends on efficient transport across BBB (blood-brain barrier), bioavailability, stability CNS (central nervous system). brain functions having a direct impact cells processes CNS. For effect, polyphenolic compounds must able overcome accumulate tissue. In this review, latest achievements studies (animal models clinical trials) effect activity function described. plant may summarized role increasing plasticity related cognition improvement. As reversible MAO (monoamine oxidase) inhibitors, mood modulators neuronal self-being through dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline amounts After analyzing prohealth effects various eating patterns, it was postulated synergistic interactions between individual dietary components. act endothelial BBB’s integrity reduce thus protecting additional injury during stroke autoimmune Polyphenolic capable lowering blood pressure improving cerebral flow. Many revealed nutritional model based has ameliorate cognitive associated disorders. Randomized trials also shown improvement foods rich flavonoids independent age health conditions. therapeutic use, sufficient quantities cross reach tissue active form. An issue action not only penetration BBB, but metabolism localization. low. most usual oral administration conflicts bioavailability. main factors limit process efficacy are: selective permeability gastrointestinal transformations, poor absorption, rapid hepatic colonic metabolism, systemic elimination. Thus, phenolic inadequate for human applications any effects. recent years, new strategies attempted order exert benefits Converting into nanostructures theories proposed enhance following nanoscale delivery systems used encapsulate polyphenols: nanocapsules, nanospheres, micelles, cyclodextrins, solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes. results great expectations wide-scale effective use prevention Thus far, natural studied neuroprotectors. Perhaps some modification structure given polyphenol its transportation BBB. However, questions should answered before developing medications polyphenols.

Language: Английский

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Polyphenols in Health and Disease: Gut Microbiota, Bioaccessibility, and Bioavailability

Compounds, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. 40 - 72

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

Polyphenolic compounds (PC) are among the most abundant secondary metabolites in nature. They widely distributed world and can be found fruits, cereals, tea, coffee, beverages. Due to their structural diversity, polyphenols have many different properties biological effects. resistant acid of gastric tract, very few hydrolysed or absorbed stomach. Significant portions ingested reach large intestine interact with local bacteria, so-called gut microbiota. Epidemiological studies confirm that moderate prolonged intake foods rich could prevent development cancer chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, type 2 diabetes, obesity. The current work aims provide an updated overview on nature occurrence polyphenols, quantification methods, bioaccessibility bioavailability, impact human health, namely through interactions

Language: Английский

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Effects of Fermentation on Bioactivity and the Composition of Polyphenols Contained in Polyphenol-Rich Foods: A Review

Foods, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(17), P. 3315 - 3315

Published: Sept. 3, 2023

Polyphenols, as common components with various functional activities in plants, have become a research hotspot. However, researchers found that the bioavailability and bioactivity of plant polyphenols is generally low because they are usually form tannins, anthocyanins glycosides. Polyphenol-rich fermented foods (PFFs) reported to better than polyphenol-rich foods, used substrates during food fermentation hydrolyzed into smaller phenolic compounds (such quercetin, kaempferol, gallic acid, ellagic etc.) higher by polyphenol-associated enzymes (PAEs, e.g., tannases, esterases, acid decarboxylases glycosidases). Biotransformation pathways different PAEs secreted microorganisms different. Meanwhile, could also promote growth beneficial bacteria process while inhibiting pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, PFFs, there must be an interactive relationship between microorganisms. The present study integration analysis interaction mechanism PFFs systematically elaborated. will provide some new insights explore greater exploitation availability polyphenols) plant-derived foods.

Language: Английский

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The Interaction between Flavonoids and Intestinal Microbes: A Review

Foods, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 320 - 320

Published: Jan. 9, 2023

In recent years, research on the interaction between flavonoids and intestinal microbes have prompted a rash of food science, nutriology biomedicine, complying with future trends. The gut microbiota plays an essential role in maintenance homeostasis human health, but once flora dysregulation occurs, it may contribute to various diseases. Flavonoids shown variety physiological activities, are metabolized or biotransformed by microbiota, thereby producing new metabolites that promote health modulating composition structure flora. Herein, this review demonstrates key notion as well dysbiosis, aiming provide comprehensive understanding about how regulate diseases microbiota. Emphasis is placed microbiota-flavonoid bidirectional affects metabolic fate their metabolites, influencing mechanism, biotransformation, bioavailability bioactivity. Potentially focusing abundance diversity such bile acids, we discuss influence mechanism protecting barrier function immune system. Additionally, crucial regulating We explain underlying regulation several typical including gastrointestinal diseases, obesity, diabetes cancer, theoretical basis guideline for promotion treatment

Language: Английский

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Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Diet Polyphenols and Their Modulation of Gut Microbiota

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 3813 - 3813

Published: Feb. 14, 2023

It is generally accepted that diet-derived polyphenols are bioactive compounds with several potentially beneficial effects on human health. In general, have chemical structures, and the most representative flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes. should be noted of closely related to their bioavailability bioaccessibility, as many them rapidly metabolized after administration. Polyphenols—with a protective effect gastrointestinal tract—promote maintenance eubiosis intestinal microbiota against gastric colon cancers. Thus, benefits obtained from dietary supplementation would seem mediated by gut microbiota. Taken at certain concentrations, been shown positively modulate bacterial component, increasing Lactiplantibacillus spp. Bifidobacterium involved in protection barrier decreasing Clostridium Fusobacterium, which negatively associated well-being. Based diet–microbiota–health axis, this review aims describe latest knowledge action health through activity discusses micro-encapsulation strategy improve

Language: Английский

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