Adipose Tissue and Metabolic Health

Diabetes & Metabolism Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 47(5), P. 595 - 611

Published: Sept. 26, 2023

In this review, we provide a brief synopsis of the connections between adipose tissue and metabolic health highlight some recent developments in understanding exploiting adipocyte biology. Adipose plays critical roles regulation systemic glucose lipid metabolism secretes bioactive molecules possessing endocrine, paracrine, autocrine functions. Dysfunctional has detrimental impact on is intimately involved key aspects diseases such as insulin resistance, overload, inflammation, organelle stress. Differences distribution fat depots characteristics relate to divergent degrees dysfunction found metabolically healthy unhealthy obese individuals. Thermogenic adipocytes increase energy expenditure via mitochondrial uncoupling or adenosine triphosphate-consuming futile substrate cycles, while functioning sink participating crosstalk with other organs. Manipulation provides wealth opportunities intervene combat progression associated diseases. We discuss current treatment modalities for obesity including incretin hormone analogs touch upon emerging strategies therapeutic potential exosome-based therapy, pharmacological activation brown beige thermogenesis, administration inhibition adipocyte-derived factors.

Language: Английский

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Inflammation‐mediated metabolic regulation in adipose tissue

Obesity Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(6)

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Summary Chronic inflammation of adipose tissue is a prominent characteristic many metabolic diseases. Lipid metabolism in consistently dysregulated during inflammation, which characterized by substantial infiltration proinflammatory cells and high cytokine concentrations. Adipose caused variety endogenous factors, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, cellular senescence, ceramides biosynthesis mediators lipopolysaccharides (LPS) signaling. Additionally, the gut microbiota also plays crucial role regulating inflammation. Essentially, arises from an imbalance adipocyte regulation immune cells. Specific inflammatory signals, including nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling, inflammasome signaling inflammation‐mediated autophagy, have been shown to be involved regulation. The pathogenesis diseases chronic (obesity, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD]) recent research regarding potential therapeutic targets for these conditions are discussed this review.

Language: Английский

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NLRP3 Inflammasome: The Stormy Link Between Obesity and COVID-19

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Oct. 30, 2020

Several countries around the world have faced an important obesity challenge for past four decades as result of obesogenic environment. This disease has a multifactorial origin and it is associated with multiple comorbidities including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, osteoarthritis, metabolic syndrome, cancer, dyslipidemia. With regard to dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia well-known activator NLRP3 inflammasome, triggering adipokines cytokines secretion which in addition induce systemic inflammatory state that provides adequate scenario infections, particularly those mediated by viruses such HIV, H1N1 influenza, SARS-CoV-2. The SARS-CoV-2 infection causes coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) responsible pandemic we are currently living. COVID-19 aggressive immune response known cytokine release syndrome or storm multiorgan failure most cases leads death. In present work, aimed review molecular mechanisms obesity-associated inflammation could cause more severe clinical presentation COVID-19. potentiate accelerate pre-existing individuals obesity,

Language: Английский

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Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Obesity-Mediated Metabolic Disorders

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(2), P. 511 - 511

Published: Jan. 10, 2021

NLRP3 inflammasome is one of the multimeric protein complexes nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat (NLR)-containing pyrin and HIN domain family (PYHIN). When activated, triggers release pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL)-1β IL-18, an essential step in innate immune response; however, defective checkpoints activation may lead to autoimmune, autoinflammatory, metabolic disorders. Among consequences systemic chronic low-grade inflammation, a cardinal feature obesity insulin resistance. Understanding mechanisms involved regulation adipose tissue help development specific inhibitors for treatment prevention obesity-mediated diseases. In this narrative review, current understanding highlighted, including its putative roles dysfunction Specific which can potentially be used treat disorders are also discussed.

Language: Английский

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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and mechanisms by which it is ameliorated by activation of the CNC-bZIP transcription factor Nrf2

Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 188, P. 221 - 261

Published: June 18, 2022

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represents a global health concern. It is characterised by fatty liver, hepatocyte cell death and inflammation, which are associated with lipotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, iron overload oxidative stress. NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription that combats Remarkably, Nrf2 downregulated during the development of NASH, probably accelerates disease, whereas in pre-clinical studies upregulation inhibits NASH. We now review scientific literature proposes downregulation NASH involves its increased ubiquitylation proteasomal degradation, mediated Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and/or β-transducin repeat-containing (β-TrCP) HMG-CoA reductase degradation (Hrd1, also called synoviolin (SYVN1)). Additionally, Nrf2-mediated may involve diminished recruitment coactivators Nrf2, due to levels activating 3 (ATF3) nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65, or competition for promoter binding BTB CNC homology (Bach1). Many processes downregulate triggered transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), stress amplifying signalling. Oxidative increase suppression β-TrCP through facilitating formation DSGIS-containing phosphodegron glycogen synthase kinase-3. In animal models, knockout increases susceptibility while pharmacological activation inducing agents target Keap1 These counter affected β-TrCP, Hrd1/SYVN1, ATF3, NF-κB p65 Bach1, suppressing Activation likely inhibit ameliorating ER overload. Crucially, mice has already been established supresses liver steatosis inflammation. There therefore compelling evidence provides comprehensive multipronged strategy treat

Language: Английский

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LncRNA-Mediated Adipogenesis in Different Adipocytes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(13), P. 7488 - 7488

Published: July 5, 2022

Long-chain noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are that do not code for proteins, widely present in eukaryotes. They regulate gene expression at multiple levels through different mechanisms epigenetic, transcription, translation, and the maturation of mRNA transcripts or regulation chromatin structure, compete with microRNAs binding to endogenous RNA. Adipose tissue is a large endocrine-rich functional mammals. Excessive accumulation white adipose mammals can cause metabolic diseases. However, unlike fat, brown beige fats release energy as heat. In recent years, many lncRNAs associated adipogenesis have been reported. The molecular how continually investigated. this review, we discuss classification according their transcriptional location. participate also discussed. function decoy molecules RNA double-stranded complexes, among other functions,

Language: Английский

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Metaflammation in glucolipid metabolic disorders: Pathogenesis and treatment

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 161, P. 114545 - 114545

Published: March 20, 2023

The public health issue of glucolipid metabolic disorders (GLMD) has grown significantly, posing a grave threat to human wellness. Its prevalence is rising yearly and tends affect younger people. Metaflammation an important mechanism regulating body metabolism. Through complicated multi-organ crosstalk network involving numerous signaling pathways such as NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1, NF-B, p38 MAPK, IL-6/STAT3, PI3K/AKT, it influences systemic regulation. Numerous inflammatory mediators are essential for preserving balance, but more research needed determine how they contribute the co-morbidities diseases. Whether controlling response can influence progression GLMD determines therapeutic strategy This review thoroughly examines role metaflammation in combs progress related approaches, including factor-targeting drugs, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), exercise therapy. Multiple diseases, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular disease, others, respond therapeutically anti-inflammatory therapy on whole. Moreover, we emphasize value open question anti-inflammatory-based means treating GLMD.

Language: Английский

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A cross-talk between sestrins, chronic inflammation and cellular senescence governs the development of age-associated sarcopenia and obesity

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 86, P. 101852 - 101852

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

Language: Английский

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Endoplasmic reticulum stress: bridging inflammation and obesity-associated adipose tissue

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 4, 2024

Obesity presents a significant global health challenge, increasing the susceptibility to chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. Within context of obesity, lipid metabolism, adipose tissue formation, inflammation are intricately linked endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). ERS modulates insulin signaling, inflammation, well cell proliferation death through unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. Serving crucial nexus, bridges functionality inflammatory response. In this review, we comprehensively elucidate mechanisms by which impacts function in aiming offer insights into targeting for ameliorating metabolic dysregulation obesity-associated diseases hyperlipidemia, hypertension, fatty liver, type 2 diabetes.

Language: Английский

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Ketogenic diet as a potential intervention for lipedema

Medical Hypotheses, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 146, P. 110435 - 110435

Published: Nov. 27, 2020

Lipedema (LI) is a common yet misdiagnosed condition, often misconstrued with obesity. LI affects women almost exclusively, and its painful life-changing symptoms have long been thought to be resistant the lifestyle interventions such as diet exercise. In this paper, we discuss possible mechanisms by which patients adopting ketogenic (KD) can alleviate many of unwanted clinical features LI. This paper also an effort provide evidence for hypothesis potency dietary intervention addressing Specifically, examine scientific effectiveness KD associated LI, including excessive disproportionate lower body adipose tissue (AT) deposition, pain, reduction in quality life (QoL). We explore several currently under debate, potential existence nature edema, metabolic hormonal dysfunction, inflammation, fibrosis. The on has demonstrated human studies, shows promise hope leads improved understanding optimal nutritional management stimulates future research area study.

Language: Английский

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