Cell & Bioscience,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: March 20, 2021
Abstract
Autophagy
is
a
conserved
cellular
process
required
to
maintain
homeostasis.
The
hallmark
of
autophagy
the
formation
phagophore
that
engulfs
cytosolic
materials
for
degradation
and
recycling
synthesize
essential
components.
Basal
constitutively
active
under
normal
conditions
it
could
be
further
induced
by
physiological
stimuli
such
as
hypoxia,
nutrient
starvation,
endoplasmic
reticulum
stress,energy
depletion,
hormonal
stimulation
pharmacological
treatment.
In
cancer,
highly
context-specific
depending
on
cell
type,
tumour
microenvironment,
disease
stage
external
stimuli.
Recently,
emerging
role
double-edged
sword
in
cancer
has
gained
much
attention.
On
one
hand,
suppresses
malignant
transformation
limiting
production
reactive
oxygen
species
DNA
damage
during
development.
Subsequently,
evolved
support
survival
cells
promotes
tumourigenicity
stem
at
established
sites.
Hence,
an
attractive
target
therapeutics
researchers
have
been
exploiting
use
modulators
adjuvant
therapy.
this
review,
we
present
summary
mechanism
controlling
pathways,
with
emphasis
dual-role
(double-edged
sword)
cancer.
This
followed
overview
modulation
treatment
concluded
discussion
current
perspectives
future
outlook
exploitation
precision
medicine.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
7(1)
Published: Aug. 13, 2022
Regulated
cell
death
(RCD),
also
well-known
as
programmed
(PCD),
refers
to
the
form
of
that
can
be
regulated
by
a
variety
biomacromolecules,
which
is
distinctive
from
accidental
(ACD).
Accumulating
evidence
has
revealed
RCD
subroutines
are
key
features
tumorigenesis,
may
ultimately
lead
establishment
different
potential
therapeutic
strategies.
Hitherto,
targeting
with
pharmacological
small-molecule
compounds
been
emerging
promising
avenue,
rapidly
progressed
in
many
types
human
cancers.
Thus,
this
review,
we
focus
on
summarizing
not
only
apoptotic
and
autophagy-dependent
signaling
pathways,
but
crucial
pathways
other
subroutines,
including
necroptosis,
pyroptosis,
ferroptosis,
parthanatos,
entosis,
NETosis
lysosome-dependent
(LCD)
cancer.
Moreover,
further
discuss
current
situation
several
improve
cancer
treatment,
such
single-target,
dual
or
multiple-target
compounds,
drug
combinations,
some
new
strategies
would
together
shed
light
future
directions
attack
vulnerabilities
drugs
for
purposes.
Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
35(1), P. 453 - 475
Published: July 8, 2019
Macroautophagy
is
an
intracellular
degradation
system
that
delivers
diverse
cytoplasmic
materials
to
lysosomes
via
autophagosomes.
Recent
advances
have
enabled
identification
of
several
selective
autophagy
substrates
and
receptors,
greatly
expanding
our
understanding
the
cellular
functions
autophagy.
In
this
review,
we
describe
macroautophagy,
including
its
essential
contribution
metabolic
adaptation
homeostasis.
We
also
discuss
emerging
findings
on
mechanisms
various
types
Cells,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
7(12), P. 278 - 278
Published: Dec. 19, 2018
Autophagy
is
a
lysosome-dependent
cellular
degradation
program
that
responds
to
variety
of
environmental
and
stresses.
It
an
evolutionarily
well-conserved
essential
pathway
maintain
homeostasis,
therefore,
dysfunction
autophagy
closely
associated
with
wide
spectrum
human
pathophysiological
conditions
including
cancers
neurodegenerative
diseases.
The
discovery
characterization
the
kingdom
proteins
have
uncovered
molecular
basis
process.
In
addition,
recent
advances
on
various
post-translational
modifications
shed
light
multiple
layers
regulatory
mechanisms,
provide
novel
therapeutic
targets
for
treatment
Molecular Cancer,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
18(1)
Published: May 24, 2019
Autophagy
is
a
highly
conserved
catabolic
process
that
mediates
degradation
of
pernicious
or
dysfunctional
cellular
components,
such
as
invasive
pathogens,
senescent
proteins,
and
organelles.
It
can
promote
suppress
tumor
development,
so
it
"double-edged
sword"
in
tumors
depends
on
the
cell
tissue
types
stages
tumor.
The
epithelial-mesenchymal
transition
(EMT)
complex
biological
trans-differentiation
allows
epithelial
cells
to
transiently
obtain
mesenchymal
features,
including
motility
metastatic
potential.
EMT
considered
an
important
contributor
invasion
metastasis
cancers.
Thus,
clarifying
crosstalk
between
autophagy
will
provide
novel
targets
for
cancer
therapy.
was
reported
EMT-related
signal
pathways
have
impact
autophagy;
conversely,
activation
strengthen
by
regulating
various
signaling
pathways.
On
one
hand,
provides
energy
basic
nutrients
during
spreading,
which
assists
survive
stressful
environmental
intracellular
conditions.
other
autophagy,
acting
cancer-suppressive
function,
inclined
hinder
selectively
down-regulating
critical
transcription
factors
early
phases.
Therefore,
inhibition
inhibitors
activators
might
be
strategy
thought
enlightenment
treatment
cancer.
In
this
article,
we
discuss
detail
role
development
cancers,
regulatory
mechanisms
EMT,
effects
potential
applications
anticancer
Autophagy,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
18(1), P. 86 - 103
Published: April 27, 2021
Macroautophagy/autophagy
is
a
cellular
catabolic
process
that
results
in
lysosome-mediated
recycling
of
organelles
and
protein
aggregates,
as
well
the
destruction
intracellular
pathogens.
Its
role
maintenance
intestinal
epithelium
particular
interest,
several
autophagy-related
genes
have
been
associated
with
disease.
Autophagy
its
regulatory
mechanisms
are
involved
both
homeostasis
repair
intestine,
supporting
barrier
function
response
to
stress
through
tight
junction
regulation
protection
from
cell
death.
Furthermore,
clear
has
emerged
for
autophagy
not
only
secretory
cells
but
also
stem
cells,
where
it
affects
their
metabolism,
proliferative
regenerative
capacity.
Here,
we
review
physiological
context
epithelial
how
genetic
mutations
affecting
contribute
development
Cancers,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
11(10), P. 1422 - 1422
Published: Sept. 24, 2019
Autophagy
is
a
process
of
self-degradation
that
enables
the
cell
to
survive
when
faced
with
starvation
or
stressful
conditions.
The
mechanistic
target
rapamycin
(mTOR),
also
known
as
mammalian
rapamycin,
plays
critical
role
in
maintaining
balance
between
cellular
anabolism
and
catabolism.
mTOR
complex
1
(mTORC1)
was
unveiled
master
regulator
autophagy
since
inhibition
mTORC1
required
initiate
process.
Evidence
has
emerged
recent
years
indicate
directly
regulates
subsequent
steps
process,
including
nucleation,
autophagosome
elongation,
maturation
termination.
By
phosphorylating
select
protein
targets
core
machinery
and/or
their
regulators,
can
alter
functions,
increase
proteasomal
degradation
modulate
acetylation
status,
which
key
switch
Moreover,
it
phosphorylates
alters
subcellular
localization
transcription
factors
suppress
expression
genes
needed
for
formation
lysosome
biogenesis.
purpose
this
review
article
critically
analyze
current
literatures
provide
an
integrated
view
how
various
