The diet rapidly and differentially affects the gut microbiota and host lipid mediators in a healthy population

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Feb. 11, 2023

Abstract Background Bioactive lipids produced by human cells or the gut microbiota might play an important role in health and disease. Dietary intakes are key determinants of microbiota, its production short-chain (SCFAs) branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs), host endocannabinoidome signalling, which all involved metabolic diseases. This hypothesis-driven longitudinal fixed sequence nutritional study, realized healthy participants, was designed to determine if a lead-in diet affects response short-term dietary intervention. Participants received Mediterranean (MedDiet) for 3 days, 13-day controlled reflecting average Canadian intake (CanDiet), once again MedDiet consecutive days. Fecal blood samples were collected at end each phase evaluate alterations composition plasma levels mediators, SCFAs, BCFAs. Results We observed immediate reversible modulation BCFAs, some SCFAs both diets. BCFAs more strongly reduced when latter preceded CanDiet. The also immediate, but not changes due CanDiet following short Higher initial microbiome diversity associated with after interventions. that 2-monoacylglycerols had many, distinct, correlations composition. Several taxa modulated intervention previously disorders, warranting need control recent observational association studies. Conclusions Our results indicate lipid mediators communication between metabolism exhibit rapid changes, is case some, all, taxa. influenced BCFA, endocannabinoidome, MedDiet. A higher favored stability changes. study highlights importance considering previous studies relating signals metabolism.

Language: Английский

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Diets intervene osteoporosis via gut-bone axis

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease that seriously endangers the health of middle-aged and older adults. Recently, with continuous deepening research, an increasing number studies have revealed gut microbiota as potential target for osteoporosis, research concept gut-bone axis has gradually emerged. Additionally, intake dietary nutrients adoption patterns may affect microbiota, alterations in might also influence metabolic status host, thus adjusting bone metabolism. Based on axis, can participate modulation metabolism by altering abundance, diversity, composition microbiota. Herein, combined emerging literatures relevant studies, this review aimed to summarize impacts different components osteoporosis acting well underlying mechanisms proper recommendations.

Language: Английский

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Cardiometabolic health, diet and the gut microbiome: a meta-omics perspective

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(3), P. 551 - 561

Published: March 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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A Mediterranean Diet Pattern Improves Intestinal Inflammation Concomitant with Reshaping of the Bacteriome in Ulcerative Colitis: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Journal of Crohn s and Colitis, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(10), P. 1569 - 1578

Published: April 24, 2023

Abstract Background and Aims Dietary patterns are important in managing ulcerative colitis [UC], given their influence on gut microbiome-host symbiosis inflammation. We investigated whether the Mediterranean Diet Pattern [MDP] vs Canadian Habitual [CHD] would affect disease activity, inflammation, microbiome patients with quiescent UC. Methods performed a prospective, randomised, controlled trial adults [65% female; median age 47 years] UC an outpatient setting from 2017 to 2021. Participants were randomised MDP [n = 15] or CHD 13] for 12 weeks. Disease activity [Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index] faecal calprotectin [FC] measured at baseline week 12. Stool samples analysed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results The diet was well tolerated group. At 12, 75% [9/12] of participants had FC >100 μg/g, 20% [3/15] group higher levels total short chain fatty acids [SCFAs] [p 0.01], acetic acid 0.03], butyric 0.03] compared CHD. Furthermore, induced alterations microbial species associated protective role [Alistipes finegoldii Flavonifractor plautii], as production SCFAs [Ruminococcus bromii]. Conclusions An induces maintenance clinical remission reduced data support that is sustainable pattern could be recommended adjunctive therapy remission. ClinicalTrials.gov no: NCT0305371

Language: Английский

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Targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor by gut phenolic metabolites: A strategy towards gut inflammation

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 61, P. 102622 - 102622

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor able to control complex transcriptional processes in several cell types, which has been correlated with various diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Numerous studies have described different compounds as ligands of this receptor, like xenobiotics, natural compounds, and host-derived metabolites. Dietary (poly)phenols studied regarding their pleiotropic activities (e.g., neuroprotective anti-inflammatory), but AHR modulatory capabilities also considered. However, dietary are submitted extensive metabolism the gut microbiota). Thus, resulting phenolic metabolites could be key players modulating since they ones that reach cells may exert effects on throughout other organs. This review aims at comprehensive search for most abundant detected quantified humans understand how many modulators what impact processes. Even though anti-inflammatory capacities, only 1 metabolite, modulator, evaluated intestinal models. Searching novel strategy against IBD.

Language: Английский

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Future Modulation of Gut Microbiota: From Eubiotics to FMT, Engineered Bacteria, and Phage Therapy

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 868 - 868

Published: May 8, 2023

The human gut is inhabited by a multitude of bacteria, yeasts, and viruses. A dynamic balance among these microorganisms associated with the well-being being, large body evidence supports role dysbiosis in pathogenesis several diseases. Given importance microbiota preservation health, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics have been classically used as strategies to modulate achieve beneficial effects for host. Nonetheless, molecules not typically included categories demonstrated restoring equilibrium components microbiota. Among these, rifaximin, well other antimicrobial drugs, such triclosan, or natural compounds (including evodiamine polyphenols) common pleiotropic characteristics. On one hand, they suppress growth dangerous bacteria while promoting contribute regulation immune response case directly influencing system epithelial cells inducing produce immune-modulatory compounds, short-chain fatty acids. Fecal transplantation (FMT) has also investigated procedure restore shown benefits many diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, chronic liver disorders, extraintestinal autoimmune conditions. One most significant limits current techniques lack tools that can precisely specific members complex microbial communities. Novel approaches, use engineered probiotic bacteriophage-based therapy, recently appeared promising provide targeted tailored therapeutic modulation microbiota, but their clinical practice yet be clarified. aim this review discuss introduced innovations field microbiome modulation.

Language: Английский

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Clinical trial: A Mediterranean diet is feasible and improves gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 59(4), P. 492 - 503

Published: Nov. 15, 2023

Summary Background Diet is fundamental to the care of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, some approaches are not appropriate for individuals experiencing psychological symptoms. Aims To assess feasibility a Mediterranean diet in IBS and its impact on gastrointestinal Methods We recruited adults with Rome IV mild or moderate anxiety and/or depressive symptoms an unblinded 6‐week randomised controlled trial. Patients were counselling habitual diet. collected symptom data, dietary data stool samples metagenomic sequencing. Results 59 (29 diet, 30 control); 48 completed study. The Adherence Screener score was higher group than controls at week 6 (7.5 [95% CI: 6.9–8.0] vs. 5.7 [5.2–6.3], p < 0.001), there greater increase (2.1 1.3–2.9] 0.5 0.1–1.0], = 0.004), demonstrating feasibility. There proportion responders (24/29, 83% 11/30, 37%, 0.001) depression (15/29, 52% 6/30 20%, 0.015). no difference FODMAP intake ( 0.51). Gastrointestinal adverse events similar 0.588). differences change microbiome parameters between groups. Conclusions A feasible leads improvement Although this study unblinded, these findings together broader benefits provide strong impetus future research IBS. Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12620001362987.

Language: Английский

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Dietary Exposures and Interventions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Evidence and Emerging Concepts

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 579 - 579

Published: Jan. 22, 2023

Diet is intimately linked to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and has potent effects on intestinal immune homeostasis. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by chronic inflammation of GI tract. The therapeutic implications diet in patients with IBD have received significant attention recent years. In this review, we provide a contemporary comprehensive overview dietary exposures interventions IBD. Epidemiological studies suggest that ultra-processed foods, food additives, emulsifiers are associated higher incidence Exclusion elimination diets improved symptoms IBD, but no objective markers inflammation. Specific (e.g., Mediterranean, specific carbohydrate, high fiber, ketogenic, anti-inflammatory diets) been shown reduce symptoms, improve inflammatory biomarkers, quality life metrics varying degrees, these limited study design, underpowering, heterogeneity, confounding. To date, there robust evidence any intervention alone may replace standard therapies However, play an adjunct role induce or maintain clinical remission therapies. results novel trials such as personalized intermittent fasting, time-restricted eagerly awaited.

Language: Английский

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Adherence to the Mediterranean diet can beneficially affect the gut microbiota composition: a systematic review

BMC Medical Genomics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: April 17, 2024

Abstract Aim Dietary patterns could have a notable role in shaping gut microbiota composition. Evidence confirms the positive impact of Mediterranean diet (MD), as one most studied healthy dietary patterns, on profile. We conducted this systematic review to investigate results observational studies and clinical trials regarding possible changes composition, metabolites, outcomes following adherence MD cases or patients suffering from metabolic disorders. Methods A literature search was PubMed, Web Science, Scopus databases until October 2023. Two researchers separately screened titles, abstracts, then full-text articles selected relevant studies. Quality assessment interventional performed by Newcastle-Ottawa Cochrane checklists, respectively. Results total 1637 were obtained during initial search. Ultimately, 37 articles, including 17 20 studies, included review. Ten 14 reported correlation between diversity. Faecalibacterium Prevotella frequent bacterial genera with increased abundance both studies; an Increment Bacteroides genus also Better glycemic control, lowering fat mass, better bowel movement, decreased bloating, inflammation, hospitalization risk outcomes. Conclusion Adherence is associated significant beneficial diversity, functions major improvements populations.

Language: Английский

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The interaction between Mediterranean diet and intestinal microbiome: relevance for preventive strategies against frailty in older individuals

Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(1)

Published: March 6, 2024

Age-related changes in intestinal microbiome composition and function are increasingly recognized as pivotal the pathophysiology of aging associated with phenotype. Diet is a major determinant gut-microbiota throughout entire lifespan, several benefits healthy diet could be mediated by microbiome. Mediterranean (MD) traditional dietary pattern regarded paradigm, large number studies have demonstrated its promoting aging. MD has also positive modulatory effect on microbiome, favoring bacterial taxa involved synthesis bioactive compounds, such short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), that counteract inflammation, anabolic resistance, tissue degeneration. Intervention conducted older populations suggested individual response subjects to MD, terms reduction frailty scores amelioration cognitive function, significantly functionality. In this context, should considered when designing MD-based interventions tailored needs geriatric patients.

Language: Английский

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