Nutrition Reviews,
Journal Year:
2012,
Volume and Issue:
70, P. S38 - S44
Published: Aug. 1, 2012
Rapidly
developing
sequencing
methods
and
analytical
techniques
are
enhancing
our
ability
to
understand
the
human
microbiome,
and,
indeed,
how
microbiome
its
constituents
defined.
This
review
highlights
recent
research
that
expands
on
different
spatial
temporal
scales,
including
daily
time
series
datasets
spanning
months.
Furthermore,
emerging
concepts
related
defining
operational
taxonomic
units,
diversity
indices,
core
versus
transient
microbiomes,
possibility
of
enterotypes
discussed.
Additional
advances
in
technology
understanding
will
provide
exciting
prospects
for
exploiting
microbiota
personalized
medicine.
Biochemical Journal,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
474(11), P. 1823 - 1836
Published: May 16, 2017
The
human
gastrointestinal
(GI)
tract
harbours
a
complex
and
dynamic
population
of
microorganisms,
the
gut
microbiota,
which
exert
marked
influence
on
host
during
homeostasis
disease.
Multiple
factors
contribute
to
establishment
microbiota
infancy.
Diet
is
considered
as
one
main
drivers
in
shaping
across
life
time.
Intestinal
bacteria
play
crucial
role
maintaining
immune
metabolic
protecting
against
pathogens.
Altered
bacterial
composition
(dysbiosis)
has
been
associated
with
pathogenesis
many
inflammatory
diseases
infections.
interpretation
these
studies
relies
better
understanding
inter-individual
variations,
heterogeneity
communities
along
GI
tract,
functional
redundancy
need
distinguish
cause
from
effect
states
dysbiosis.
This
review
summarises
our
current
development
its
impact
integrity
health,
underlying
for
mechanistic
focusing
host–microbe
interactions.
Microorganisms,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
7(1), P. 14 - 14
Published: Jan. 10, 2019
Each
individual
is
provided
with
a
unique
gut
microbiota
profile
that
plays
many
specific
functions
in
host
nutrient
metabolism,
maintenance
of
structural
integrity
the
mucosal
barrier,
immunomodulation,
and
protection
against
pathogens.
Gut
are
composed
different
bacteria
species
taxonomically
classified
by
genus,
family,
order,
phyla.
human's
shaped
early
life
as
their
composition
depends
on
infant
transitions
(birth
gestational
date,
type
delivery,
methods
milk
feeding,
weaning
period)
external
factors
such
antibiotic
use.
These
personal
healthy
core
native
remain
relatively
stable
adulthood
but
differ
between
individuals
due
to
enterotypes,
body
mass
index
(BMI)
level,
exercise
frequency,
lifestyle,
cultural
dietary
habits.
Accordingly,
there
not
optimal
since
it
for
each
individual.
However,
host⁻microorganism
balance
must
be
respected
order
optimally
perform
metabolic
immune
prevent
disease
development.
This
review
will
provide
an
overview
studies
focus
balances
same
highlight
close
mutualistic
relationship
variations
diseases.
Indeed,
dysbiosis
associated
only
intestinal
disorders
also
numerous
extra-intestinal
diseases
neurological
disorders.
Understanding
cause
or
consequence
these
health
how
maintain
restore
should
useful
developing
promising
therapeutic
interventions.
Science,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
350(6261), P. 663 - 666
Published: Nov. 5, 2015
What
makes
the
gut
microbiome
stable?
Classically,
we
think
of
our
as
stable,
benign,
and
cooperative.
Recent
experimental
work
is
beginning
to
unpick
essential
functions
that
can
be
attributed
stable
microbiota
humans.
To
able
manipulate
improve
health,
need
understand
community
structure
composition
models
quantify
predict
stability.
Coyte
et
al.
applied
concepts
tools
from
ecology
assembly.
Independently
developed
converged
on
a
surprising
answer:
A
high
diversity
species
likely
coexist
stably
when
system
dominated
by
competitive,
rather
than
cooperative,
interactions.
Science
,
this
issue
p.
663
Science,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
352(6285), P. 539 - 544
Published: April 28, 2016
Microbial
colonization
of
mucosal
tissues
during
infancy
plays
an
instrumental
role
in
the
development
and
education
host
mammalian
immune
system.
These
early-life
events
can
have
long-standing
consequences:
facilitating
tolerance
to
environmental
exposures
or
contributing
disease
later
life,
including
inflammatory
bowel
disease,
allergy,
asthma.
Recent
studies
begun
define
a
critical
period
early
which
disruption
optimal
host-commensal
interactions
lead
persistent
some
cases
irreversible
defects
training
specific
subsets.
Here,
we
discuss
system
this
“window
opportunity,”
when
microbial
has
potentially
impact
on
human
health
disease.
