Dynamic interactions at the mineral–organic matter interface

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(6), P. 402 - 421

Published: May 11, 2021

Language: Английский

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Understanding the dominant controls on litter decomposition

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 104(1), P. 229 - 238

Published: Nov. 5, 2015

Summary Litter decomposition is a biogeochemical process fundamental to element cycling within ecosystems, influencing plant productivity, species composition and carbon storage. Climate has long been considered the primary broad‐scale control on litter rates, yet recent work suggests that traits may predominate. Both paradigms, however, rely inferences from cross‐biome studies analyse site‐level means. We re‐analyse data classical study demonstrate previous research falsely inflate regulatory role of climate mask influence unmeasured local‐scale factors. Using re‐analysis as platform, we advocate experimental designs involve high within‐site replication, measurements factors processes at same local spatial grain, analysis individual observations biome‐scale gradients. Synthesis . question assumption predominant regulator rates broad scales. propose framework for new generation focused factoring variation into measurement soil across Such efforts suggest revised paradigm ultimately improve confidence in structure, parameter estimates hence projections models.

Language: Английский

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Increasing soil carbon storage: mechanisms, effects of agricultural practices and proxies. A review

Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 37(2)

Published: April 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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A starting guide to root ecology: strengthening ecological concepts and standardising root classification, sampling, processing and trait measurements

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 232(3), P. 973 - 1122

Published: Oct. 5, 2021

Summary In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their impact environment, ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep generating cutting‐edge, meaningful integrated knowledge. Consideration below‐ground components ecosystem studies has been consistently called for decades, but methodology is disparate sometimes inappropriate. This handbook, based collective effort large team experts, will improve trait comparisons across integration information databases by providing standardised methods controlled vocabularies. It meant be used not only as starting point students scientists who desire working ecosystems, also experts consolidating broadening views multiple aspects ecology. Beyond classical compilation measurement protocols, we have synthesised recommendations from literature provide key background knowledge useful for: (1) defining entities giving keys dissection, classification naming beyond fine‐root vs coarse‐root approach; (2) considering specificity produce sound laboratory field data; (3) describing typical, overlooked steps studying roots (e.g. handling, cleaning storage); (4) gathering metadata necessary interpretation results reuse. Most importantly, all traits introduced with some degree ecological that foundation understanding meaning, typical use uncertainties, methodological conceptual perspectives future research. Considering this, urge readers solely extract protocol measurements this work, take moment read reflect extensive contained broader guide ecology, including sections I–VII introductions each section description. Finally, it critical understand major aim help break down barriers between subdisciplines ecology ecophysiology, broaden researchers’ study create favourable conditions inception comprehensive experiments role functioning.

Language: Английский

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The root of the matter: Linking root traits and soil organic matter stabilization processes

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 120, P. 246 - 259

Published: March 20, 2018

Language: Английский

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Sampling roots to capture plant and soil functions

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 31(8), P. 1506 - 1518

Published: April 18, 2017

Summary Roots vary in anatomy, morphology and physiology, both spatially (different parts of the same root system) temporally (plastic changes, ageing), suggesting that trait measurements are strongly affected by sampling categories. In this context, it is urgent to clarify functional significance current categories (e.g. fine roots first order, three orders, ≤1 mm or ≤2 mm), establish guidelines for choosing between methods revise ontology account differences traits measured on distinct Here, we used a worldwide database fine‐root test hypothesis values – with link functions were generally different We observed indeed clear break first‐order all other categories, smaller but substantial orders category, demonstrating globally methodologies capture roots. Our synthesis suggests present advantages pitfalls no single method can appropriately tackle main challenge ecology: i.e. linking plant ecosystem truly comparable way across plants. argue instead small set complementary standardized necessary linkages forms functions. To assist experimenters selecting adequate developed decision table following logical questions: (i) what function must be addressed; (ii) involved (iii) should these Challenging, strengthening expending such common reference framework would step towards wider comparability future datasets. A lay summary available article.

Language: Английский

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A Critical Review on the Multiple Roles of Manganese in Stabilizing and Destabilizing Soil Organic Matter

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 55(18), P. 12136 - 12152

Published: Sept. 1, 2021

Manganese (Mn) is a biologically important and redox-active metal that may exert poorly recognized control on carbon (C) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. influences ecosystem C dynamics by mediating biochemical pathways include photosynthesis, serving as reactive intermediate the breakdown of organic molecules, binding and/or oxidizing molecules through organo-mineral associations. However, potential for Mn to influence storage remains unresolved. Although substantial research has demonstrated ability Fe- Al-oxides stabilize matter, there scarcity similar information regarding Mn-oxides. Furthermore, Mn-mediated reactions regulate litter decomposition pathways, but these processes are constrained across diverse Here, we discuss ecological roles environments synthesize existing knowledge multiple which biogeochemical intersect. We demonstrate high degrade abiotic microbially mediated oxidation at least temporarily, outline priorities needed advance understanding Mn-C interactions, highlighting gaps address key uncertainties soil predictions.

Language: Английский

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A group of ectomycorrhizal fungi restricts organic matter accumulation in boreal forest

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. 1341 - 1351

Published: May 2, 2021

Abstract Boreal forest soils are important global carbon sinks, with significant storage in the organic topsoil. Decomposition of these stocks requires oxidative enzymes, uniquely produced by fungi. Across Swedish boreal forests, we found that local topsoil was 33% lower presence a group closely related species ectomycorrhizal fungi – Cortinarius acutus s.l.. This observation challenges prevailing view generally act to increase but supports idea certain can complement free‐living decomposers, maintaining matter turnover, nutrient cycling and tree productivity under nutrient‐poor conditions. The indication narrow may exert major influence on questions dogma functional redundancy among microbial decomposers. s.l. responds negatively stand‐replacing disturbance, associated population declines likely soil sequestration while impeding long‐term cycling.

Language: Английский

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Reanalysis Validates Soil Health Indicator Sensitivity and Correlation with Long‐term Crop Yields

Soil Science Society of America Journal, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 83(3), P. 721 - 732

Published: May 1, 2019

Core Ideas Soil health metrics were sensitive in North Carolina soils. Tillage intensity and fertility practices especially differentiated by biological soil metrics. associated with labile organic matter correlated well crop yields. (SH) refers to the ability of a function provide ecosystem services. This study reanalyzes data from long‐term agronomic management experiments addresses previous conclusions regarding utility SH test Data for 15 indicators Comprehensive Assessment Health (CASH) framework three trials analyzed assess effects tillage vs. conventional management. included four indicators—organic (OM), active carbon (ActC), respiration (Resp), protein (Prot); physical indicators—available water capacity (AWC), water‐stable aggregation (Agstab), surface subsurface penetration resistance (SurfHard, SubHard); seven chemical (fertility) (P, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, pH). Corn ( Zea mays L.) soybean Glycine max L. Merr.) yield indicator values using site‐specific multi‐site datasets. Long‐term most commonly showed significant impacts AgStab (up 2.2′), ActC (2.1′), Prot (2.3′), indicators. had greater impact than linear regression multi‐year mean corn response correlations eight indicators, highest among them ActC, Protein, Resp, Mn R 2 = 0.85–0.93). Contrary conclusions, CASH those related C N, responded assessment trials.

Language: Английский

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Impact of agricultural management practices on the nutrient supply potential of soil organic matter under long-term farming systems

Soil and Tillage Research, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 175, P. 71 - 81

Published: Sept. 6, 2017

Language: Английский

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