Towards an urban marine ecology: characterizing the drivers, patterns and processes of marine ecosystems in coastal cities DOI Creative Commons
Peter A. Todd, Eliza C. Heery, Lynette H.L. Loke

et al.

Oikos, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 128(9), P. 1215 - 1242

Published: May 8, 2019

Human population density within 100 km of the sea is approximately three times higher than global average. People in this zone are concentrated coastal cities that hubs for transport and trade – which transform marine environment. Here, we review impacts interacting drivers urbanization (resource exploitation, pollution pathways ocean sprawl) discuss key characteristics symptomatic urban ecosystems. Current evidence suggests these systems comprise spatially heterogeneous mosaics with respect to artificial structures, pollutants community composition, while also undergoing biotic homogenization over time. Urban ecosystem dynamics often influenced by several commonly observed patterns processes, including loss foundation species, changes biodiversity productivity, establishment ruderal synanthropes novel assemblages. We potential acclimatization adaptation among taxa, interactive effects climate change urbanization, ecological engineering strategies enhancing By assimilating research findings across disparate disciplines, aim build groundwork ecology a nascent field; challenges future directions new field as it advances matures. Ultimately, all sides city design: architecture, planning civil municipal engineering, will need prioritize environment if negative be minimized. In particular, account accommodate complex system could enhance human functions

Language: Английский

Global declines in human‐driven mangrove loss DOI Creative Commons
Liza Goldberg, David Lagomasino, Nathan Thomas

et al.

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(10), P. 5844 - 5855

Published: July 12, 2020

Global mangrove loss has been attributed primarily to human activity. Anthropogenic hotspots across Southeast Asia and around the world have characterized ecosystem as highly threatened, though natural processes such erosion can also play a significant role in forest vulnerability. However, extent of threats not fully quantified at global scale. Here, using Random Forest-based analysis over one million Landsat images, we present first 30 m resolution maps drivers from 2000 2016, capturing both human-driven stressors. We estimate that 62% losses between 2016 resulted land-use change, through conversion aquaculture agriculture. Up 80% these occurred within six Asian nations, reflecting regional emphasis on enhancing for export support economic development. Both anthropogenic declined slower declines caused an increase their relative contribution total area. attribute decline regionally dependent combination increased conservation efforts lack remaining mangroves viable conversion. While restore protect appear be effective decadal timescales, emergence presents immediate challenge coastal adaptation. anticipate our results will inform decision-making restoration initiatives by providing locally relevant understanding causes loss.

Language: Английский

Citations

727
The State of the World's Mangrove Forests: Past, Present, and Future DOI Open Access
Daniel A. Friess, Kerrylee Rogers, Catherine E. Lovelock

et al.

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 44(1), P. 89 - 115

Published: Aug. 10, 2019

Intertidal mangrove forests are a dynamic ecosystem experiencing rapid changes in extent and habitat quality over geological history, today into the future. Climate sea level have drastically altered distribution since their appearance record ∼75 million years ago (Mya), through to Holocene. In contrast, contemporary dynamics driven primarily by anthropogenic threats, including pollution, overextraction, conversion aquaculture agriculture. Deforestation rates declined past decade, but future of mangroves is uncertain; new deforestation frontiers opening, particularly Southeast Asia West Africa, despite international conservation policies ambitious global targets for rehabilitation. addition, climatic processes such as sea-level rise that were important history will continue influence Recommendations given reframe conservation, with view improving state

Language: Английский

Citations

622
Blue carbon as a natural climate solution DOI
Peter I. Macreadie, Micheli Duarte de Paula Costa, Trisha B. Atwood

et al.

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(12), P. 826 - 839

Published: Nov. 1, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

581
Global patterns in mangrove soil carbon stocks and losses DOI
Trisha B. Atwood, Rod M. Connolly, Hanan Almahasheer

et al.

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7(7), P. 523 - 528

Published: June 26, 2017

Language: Английский

Citations

577
Distribution and drivers of global mangrove forest change, 1996–2010 DOI Creative Commons
Nathan Thomas, Richard Lucas, Peter Bunting

et al.

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. e0179302 - e0179302

Published: June 8, 2017

For the period 1996-2010, we provide first indication of drivers behind mangrove land cover and use change across (pan-)tropics using time-series Japanese Earth Resources Satellite (JERS-1) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Advanced Land Observing (ALOS) Phased Array-type L-band SAR (PALSAR) data. Multi-temporal radar mosaics were manually interpreted for evidence loss gain in forest extent its associated driver. Mangrove as a consequence human activities was observed their entire range. Between 1996-2010 12% 1168 1°x1° mosaic tiles examined contained loss, anthropogenic degradation, with this increasing to 38% when combined activity prior 1996. The greatest proportion Southeast Asia, whereby approximately 50% region corresponding 18.4% global tiles. Asia (33.8%) forest. primary driver found be conversion aquaculture/agriculture, although substantial advance mangroves also evident many regions.

Language: Английский

Citations

558
Impacts of climate change on mangrove ecosystems: a region by region overview DOI Creative Commons
Raymond D. Ward, Daniel A. Friess, Richard H. Day

et al.

Ecosystem health and sustainability, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 2(4)

Published: April 1, 2016

Abstract Inter-related and spatially variable climate change factors including sea level rise, increased storminess, altered precipitation regime increasing temperature are impacting mangroves at regional scales. This review highlights extreme variation in threats impacts, how these impact the structure of mangrove communities, their biodiversity geomorphological setting. All interplay to determine resiliency because varied type geographical location, systems good models for understanding such interactions different Sea rise is likely influence all regions although local impacts be more varied. Changes frequency intensity storminess have a greater on N Central America, Asia, Australia, East Africa than West S. America. also numerous knowledge gaps with some particularly understudied (e.g., Middle East). While there has been recent drive address especially South America further research required allow researchers tease apart processes that both vulnerability resilience change. A globally representative view would us better understand importance landscape setting determining system future

Language: Английский

Citations

549
Mangrove canopy height globally related to precipitation, temperature and cyclone frequency DOI
Marc Simard, Temilola Fatoyinbo,

Charlotte Smetanka

et al.

Nature Geoscience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 40 - 45

Published: Dec. 13, 2018

Language: Английский

Citations

399
What causes deforestation in Indonesia? DOI Creative Commons
Kemen Austin, Amanda M. Schwantes,

Yaofeng Gu

et al.

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 024007 - 024007

Published: Dec. 6, 2018

We investigate the causes of deforestation in Indonesia, a country with one highest rates primary natural forest loss tropics, annually between 2001 and 2016. use high spatial resolution imagery made available on Google Earth to characterize land cover types following random selection events, drawn from Global Forest Change dataset. Notorious region, large-scale oil palm timber plantations together contributed more than two-fifths nationwide over our study period, peak late aughts followed by notable decline up Conversion forests grasslands, which comprised an average one-fifth national deforestation, rose sharply dominance years periods considerable fire activity, particularly Small-scale agriculture small-scale also were dominant drivers outside major islands Indonesia. Although relatively small contributors total logging roads responsible for declining share mining activities increasing share, period. Direct Indonesia are thus spatially temporally dynamic, suggesting need conservation policy responses tailored at subnational level, new methods monitoring time.

Language: Английский

Citations

381
Conservation and restoration of mangroves: Global status, perspectives, and prognosis DOI Creative Commons
Stephanie S. Romañach,

Donald L. DeAngelis,

Hock Lye Koh

et al.

Ocean & Coastal Management, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 154, P. 72 - 82

Published: Feb. 14, 2018

Language: Английский

Citations

345
A global map of mangrove forest soil carbon at 30 m spatial resolution DOI Creative Commons
Jonathan Sanderman, Tomislav Hengl, Greg Fiske

et al.

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 055002 - 055002

Published: April 13, 2018

With the growing recognition that effective action on climate change will require a combination of emissions reductions and carbon sequestration, protecting, enhancing restoring natural sinks have become political priorities. Mangrove forests are considered some most carbon-dense ecosystems in world with stored soil. In order for mangrove to be included mitigation efforts, knowledge spatial distribution soil stocks critical. Current global estimates do not capture enough finer scale variability would required inform local decisions siting protection restoration projects. To close this gap, we compiled large georeferenced database measurements developed novel machine-learning based statistical model density using spatially comprehensive data at 30 m resolution. This model, which prior estimate from SoilGrids 250 was able 63% vertical horizontal organic (RMSE 10.9 kg m−3). Of variables, total suspended sediment load Landsat imagery were important variable explaining density. Projecting across forest year 2000 yielded an 6.4 Pg C top meter 86–729 Mg ha−1 range all pixels. By utilizing remotely-sensed cover data, loss due habitat between 2015 30–122 Tg >75% attributable Indonesia, Malaysia Myanmar. The resulting map products work intended serve nations seeking include habitats payment-for- ecosystem services projects designing conservation strategies.

Language: Английский

Citations

334