The Angiosperm Terrestrial Revolution and the origins of modern biodiversity

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 233(5), P. 2017 - 2035

Published: Oct. 26, 2021

Summary Biodiversity today has the unusual property that 85% of plant and animal species live on land rather than in sea, half these tropical rainforests. An explosive boost to terrestrial diversity occurred from c . 100–50 million years ago, Late Cretaceous early Palaeogene. During this interval, Earth‐life system was reset, biosphere expanded a new level productivity, enhancing capacity environments. This biodiversity coincided with innovations flowering biology evolutionary ecology, including their flowers efficiencies reproduction; coevolution animals, especially pollinators herbivores; photosynthetic capacities; adaptability; ability modify habitats. The rise angiosperms triggered macroecological revolution drove modern secular, prolonged shift new, high levels, series processes we name here Angiosperm Terrestrial Revolution.

Language: Английский

---

Integrated phylogenomics and fossil data illuminate the evolution of beetles

Royal Society Open Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(3)

Published: March 1, 2022

Beetles constitute the most biodiverse animal order with over 380 000 described species and possibly several million more yet unnamed. Recent phylogenomic studies have arrived at considerably incongruent topologies widely varying estimates of divergence dates for major beetle clades. Here, we use a dataset 68 single-copy nuclear protein-coding (NPC) genes sampling 129 out 193 recognized extant families as well first comprehensive set fully justified fossil calibrations to recover refined timescale evolution. Using phylogenetic methods that counter effects compositional rate heterogeneity, topology congruent morphological studies, which use, combined other recent propose formal changes in classification Coleoptera: Scirtiformia Scirtoidea sensu nov., Clambiformia ser. nov. Clamboidea Rhinorhipiformia Byrrhoidea Dryopoidea stat. res., Nosodendriformia Staphyliniformia Erotyloidea Nitiduloidea Cucujoidea alongside below superfamily level. Our time analyses recovered late Carboniferous origin Coleoptera, Palaeozoic all modern suborders Triassic-Jurassic families, while fundamental divergences within phylogeny did not coincide hypothesis Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution.

Language: Английский

---

Taxonomic revision of the Phanaeus endymion species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), with the descriptions of five new species

European Journal of Taxonomy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 747, P. 1 - 71

Published: April 28, 2021

The Phanaeus endymion species group is defined as a lineage of dung beetles distributed from Mexico to Ecuador. current arrangement the P. includes 18 (five newly described and three revalidated herein): arletteae Arnaud, 2018; bravoensis Moctezuma, Sánchez-Huerta & Halffter, 2017; chiapanecus sp. nov.; edmondsi Deloya 2019; Harold, 1863; funereus Balthasar, 1939 stat. rev.; halffterorum Edmonds, 1979; huichol jackenioi malyi 2002; olsoufieffi pacificus panamensis porioni 2001 pyrois Bates, 1887; rzedowskii zapotecus 2006; zoque Moctezuma 2017. dionysius Kohlmann, Arriaga-Jiménez Rös, 2018 syn. nov. considered new junior subjective synonymy 2006. blanchardi Olsoufieff, 1924 bothrus Blackwelder, 1944 are objective synonyms rev.

Language: Английский

---

HGT is widespread in insects and contributes to male courtship in lepidopterans

Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185(16), P. 2975 - 2987.e10

Published: July 18, 2022

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is an important evolutionary force shaping prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. HGT-acquired genes have been sporadically reported in insects, a lineage containing >50% of animals. We systematically examined HGT 218 high-quality genomes diverse insects found that they acquired 1,410 exhibiting functions, including many not previously reported, via 741 distinct transfers from non-metazoan donors. Lepidopterans had the highest average number genes. introns exhibited substantially higher expression levels than lacking introns, suggesting intron gains were likely involved adaptation. Lastly, we used CRISPR-Cas9 system to edit prevalent unreported LOC105383139, which was transferred into last common ancestor moths butterflies. In diamondback moths, males LOC105383139 courted females significantly less. conclude has major contributor insect

Language: Английский

---

The Silent Extinction of Species and Taxonomists—An Appeal to Science Policymakers and Legislators

Diversity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(10), P. 1053 - 1053

Published: Sept. 30, 2023

The science of taxonomy, albeit being fundamental for all organismic research, has been underfunded and undervalued about two generations. We analyze how this could happen, particularly in times a biodiversity crisis, when we have increased awareness amongst the population decision makers that knowledge species share planet with is indispensable finding solutions. identify five major issues: habit holding taxonomy low esteem; focus on inappropriate publication metrics evaluating scientific output; excessive innovative technology relevance; shifting priorities natural history museums away from their traditional strengths; changing attitudes towards specimen collecting increasing legislation regulating international exchange specimens. To transform into thriving again, urgently suggest significantly baseline funding permanent positions museums; reviving taxonomic research teaching universities at tenured professor level; strongly soft money integrative projects; refraining using journal-based individual researchers output instead focusing quality; installing governmental support open access publishing; digitizing efforts to most useful parts collections, freeing resources improving data quality by identifications; requiring collection-based research; ending trend prohibitive specimens, building legal frameworks supportive research.

Language: Английский

---

Taxonomic and carbon metabolic diversification of Bathyarchaeia during its coevolution history with early Earth surface environment

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(27)

Published: July 5, 2023

Bathyarchaeia, as one of the most abundant microorganisms on Earth, play vital roles in global carbon cycle. However, our understanding their origin, evolution, and ecological functions remains poorly constrained. Here, we present largest dataset Bathyarchaeia metagenome assembled genome to date reclassify into eight order-level units corresponding former subgroup system. Highly diversified versatile metabolisms were found among different orders, particularly atypical C1 metabolic pathways, indicating that represent overlooked important methylotrophs. Molecular dating results indicate diverged at ~3.3 billion years, followed by three major diversifications ~3.0, ~2.5, ~1.8 1.7 likely driven continental emergence, growth, intensive submarine volcanism, respectively. The lignin-degrading clade emerged ~300 million years perhaps contributed sharply decreased sequestration rate during Late Carboniferous period. evolutionary history potentially has been shaped geological forces, which, turn, affected Earth's surface environment.

Language: Английский

---

Symbiosis and horizontal gene transfer promote herbivory in the megadiverse leaf beetles

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 35(3), P. 640 - 654.e7

Published: Jan. 18, 2025

Beetles that feed on the nutritionally depauperate and recalcitrant tissues provided by leaves, stems, roots of living plants comprise one-quarter herbivorous insect species. Among key adaptations for herbivory are plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) break down fastidious polymers in wall grant access to nutritious content. While largely absent from non-herbivorous ancestors beetles, such PCWDEs were occasionally acquired via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or uptake digestive symbionts. However, macroevolutionary dynamics their impact evolutionary transitions insects remained poorly understood. Through genomic transcriptomic analyses 74 leaf beetle species 50 symbionts, we show multiple independent events microbe-to-beetle HGT specialized symbioses drove convergent innovations approximately 21,000 13,500 species, respectively. Enzymatic assays indicate these significantly expanded beetles' repertoires thereby contributed adaptation diversification. Our results exemplify how recurring symbiont acquisition catalyzed nutritional success a megadiverse taxon.

Language: Английский

---

Long Reads Are Revolutionizing 20 Years of Insect Genome Sequencing

Genome Biology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(8)

Published: June 11, 2021

Abstract The first insect genome assembly (Drosophila melanogaster) was published two decades ago. Today, nuclear assemblies are available for a staggering 601 species representing 20 orders. In this study, we analyzed the most-contiguous each and provide “state-of-the-field” perspective, emphasizing taxonomic representation, quality, gene completeness, sequencing technologies. Relative to richness, genomic efforts have been biased toward four orders (Diptera, Hymenoptera, Collembola, Phasmatodea), Coleoptera underrepresented, 11 still lack publicly assembly. average is 439.2 Mb in length with 87.5% of single-copy benchmarking genes intact. Most notable has impact long-read sequencing; that incorporate long reads ∼48× more contiguous than those do not. We offer recommendations as collectively continue building resources: 1) seek better integration between independent research groups consortia, 2) balance future sampling filling gaps generating data targeted questions, 3) take advantage technologies, 4) expand improve annotations.

Language: Английский

---

Higher‐level phylogeny of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea) inferred from mitochondrial genomes

Systematic Entomology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 46(1), P. 56 - 70

Published: Aug. 18, 2020

Abstract Cerambycidae (longhorn beetles) and related families in the superfamily Chrysomeloidea are important components of forest ecosystems play a key role nutrient cycling pollination. Using full mitochondrial genomes dense taxon sampling, phylogeny with focus on allied was explored. We used 151 (75 newly sequenced) covering all 29 subfamilies Chrysomeloidea. Our results reveal that (i) Chrysomelidae (leaf sister to other chrysomeloid families; (ii) sensu stricto ( s. ) is polyphyletic due inclusion split into ‘lamiine’ clade comprising Lepturinae lato l. + (Lamiinae Spondylidinae) ‘cerambycine’ Dorcasominae (Cerambycinae Prioninae ); (iii) within two clades were monophyletic, except for placement Necydalinae nested Lepturinae, Parandrinae (now considered as tribes Necydalini Parandrini, respectively); (iv) smaller grouped major clades: one composed Disteniidae+Vesperidae Orsodacnidae (Megalopodidae Oxypeltidae); (v) relationships among four poorly supported but resolved ((cerambycines (Disteniidae Vesperidae) Oxypeltidae)) lamiines. Divergence time analyses estimated originated ca . 154.1 Mya during late Jurassic, most much earlier than Chrysomelidae. The diversification largely coincident radiation angiosperms Early Cretaceous.

Language: Английский

---

The evolution of insect biodiversity

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31(19), P. R1299 - R1311

Published: Oct. 1, 2021

Language: Английский

---