Control and Autonomy of Microrobots: Recent Progress and Perspective

Advanced Intelligent Systems, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4(5)

Published: April 3, 2022

After decades of development, microrobots have exhibited great application potential in the biomedical field, such as minimally invasive surgery, drug delivery, and bio‐sensing. Compared with conventional medical robotic systems, may be capable reaching more narrow vulnerable regions human body minimal damage. However, limited by small scale microrobots, microprocessors, power supplies, sensors can hardly integrated on‐board. Thus, new strategies for actuation feedback need to explored. Furthermore, open‐loop control method accomplished operators lack accuracy, long‐duration operation could bring a severe physical challenge many applications. Consequently, automatic aid theories is developed improve efficiency precision. To further promote automation level machine learning algorithms are expected provide solution let adapt dynamic environments undertake complex tasks. Herein, systematic introduction manipulation from closed‐loop given this review. It envisioned that will play an important role future

Language: Английский

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Controlled propulsion of micro/nanomotors: operational mechanisms, motion manipulation and potential biomedical applications

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 51(24), P. 10083 - 10119

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Micro/nanomotors with advanced motion manipulation show great promise in biomedical fields. This review article critically summarizes the working principles, strategies, applications, and future prospects of micro/nanomotors.

Language: Английский

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Real-time 3D optoacoustic tracking of cell-sized magnetic microrobots circulating in the mouse brain vasculature

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(19)

Published: May 11, 2022

Mobile microrobots hold remarkable potential to revolutionize health care by enabling unprecedented active medical interventions and theranostics, such as cargo delivery microsurgical manipulations in hard-to-reach body sites. High-resolution imaging control of cell-sized the vivo vascular system remains an unsolved challenge toward their clinical use. To overcome this limitation, we propose noninvasive real-time detection tracking circulating using optoacoustic imaging. We devised nickel-based spherical Janus magnetic whose near-infrared signature is enhanced via gold conjugation. The 5-, 10-, 20-μm-diameter are detected volumetrically both bloodless ex tissues under real-life conditions with a strongly light-absorbing blood background. further demonstrate three-dimensional manipulation murine cerebral vasculature, thus paving way effective safe operation challenging clinically relevant intravascular environments.

Language: Английский

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High shear rate propulsion of acoustic microrobots in complex biological fluids

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(10)

Published: March 11, 2022

Untethered microrobots offer a great promise for localized targeted therapy in hard-to-access spaces our body. Despite recent advancements, most microrobot propulsion capabilities have been limited to homogenous Newtonian fluids. However, the biological fluids present body are heterogeneous and shear rate-dependent rheological properties, which limit of using conventional designs actuation methods. We propose an acoustically powered microrobotic system, consisting three-dimensionally printed 30-micrometer-diameter hollow with oscillatory microbubble, generate high rate fluidic flow complex biofluids. The induced microstreaming leads distinct surface-slipping puller-type modes non-Newtonian fluids, respectively. demonstrate efficient diverse including vitro navigation through mucus layers on biologically relevant three-dimensional surfaces. design mechanism discussed herein could open new possibilities deploy biofluids toward minimally invasive therapy.

Language: Английский

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Intelligent Micro‐/Nanorobots for Cancer Theragnostic

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(52)

Published: April 6, 2022

Cancer is one of the most intractable diseases owing to its high mortality rate and lack effective diagnostic treatment tools. Advancements in micro-/nanorobot (MNR)-assisted sensing, imaging, therapeutics offer unprecedented opportunities develop MNR-based cancer theragnostic platforms. Unlike ordinary nanoparticles, which exhibit Brownian motion biofluids, MNRs overcome viscous resistance an ultralow Reynolds number (Re << 1) environment by self-propulsion. This unique locomotion property has motivated advanced design functionalization as a basis for next-generation cancer-therapy platforms, potential precise distribution improved permeation therapeutic agents. Enhanced barrier penetration, imaging-guided operation, biosensing are additionally studied enable promising cancer-related applications MNRs. Herein, recent advances therapy comprehensively addresses, including actuation engines, diagnostics, medical targeted drug delivery; research that can have profound impact on over next decade highlighted.

Language: Английский

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Lightweight and drift-free magnetically actuated millirobots via asymmetric laser-induced graphene

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: May 21, 2024

Abstract Millirobots must have low cost, efficient locomotion, and the ability to track target trajectories precisely if they are be widely deployed. With current materials fabrication methods, achieving all of these features in one millirobot remains difficult. We develop a series graphene-based helical millirobots by introducing asymmetric light pattern distortion laser-induced polymer-to-graphene conversion process; this resulted spontaneous twisting peeling off graphene sheets from polymer substrate. The lightweight nature combine with porous microstructure provides scaffold density high surface hydrophobicity. Magnetically driven nickel-coated rapid excellent trajectory tracking, precise drug delivery were fabricated scaffold. Importantly, such high-performance at speed 77 scaffolds per second, demonstrating their potential high-throughput large-scale production. By using for gastric cancer treatment as an example, we demonstrate advantages terms long-distance locomotion transport physiological environment. This study demonstrates meet performance, versatility, scalability, cost-effectiveness requirements simultaneously.

Language: Английский

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A review on microrobots driven by optical and magnetic fields

Lab on a Chip, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(5), P. 848 - 868

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

This review covers the working mechanisms, recent progress and state-of-the-art applications of microrobots driven by optical magnetic fields.

Language: Английский

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Ultrasound trapping and navigation of microrobots in the mouse brain vasculature

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Sept. 21, 2023

The intricate and delicate anatomy of the brain poses significant challenges for treatment cerebrovascular neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, precise local drug delivery in hard-to-reach regions remains an urgent medical need. Microrobots offer potential solutions; however, their functionality restricted by limited imaging capabilities complications within blood vessels, such as high flows, osmotic pressures, cellular responses. Here, we introduce ultrasound-activated microrobots vivo navigation vasculature. Our consist lipid-shelled microbubbles that autonomously aggregate propel under ultrasound irradiation. We investigate capacities vitro microfluidic-based vasculatures vessels a living mouse brain. These self-assemble execute upstream motion vasculature, achieving velocities up to 1.5 µm/s moving against flows ~10 mm/s. This work represents substantial advance towards therapeutic application complex

Language: Английский

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An acoustically controlled helical microrobot

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(38)

Published: Sept. 20, 2023

As a next-generation toolkit, microrobots can transform wide range of fields, including micromanufacturing, electronics, microfluidics, tissue engineering, and medicine. While still in their infancy, acoustically actuated are becoming increasingly attractive. However, the interaction acoustics with microstructure geometry is poorly understood, its study necessary for developing powered microrobots. We present an driven helical microrobot length 350 μm diameter 100 that capable locomotion using fin-like double-helix microstructure. This responds to sound stimuli at ~12 19 kHz mimics spiral motion natural microswimmers such as spirochetes. The asymmetric double helix interacts incident acoustic field, inducing propulsion torque causes rotate around long axis. Moreover, our has unique feature directionality being switchable by simply tuning frequency. demonstrate this 2D 3D artificial vasculatures single source.

Language: Английский

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Metal organic framework-loaded biohybrid magnetic microrobots for enhanced antibacterial treatment

Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 685, P. 133295 - 133295

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Language: Английский

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