Insect Diapause

Published: Jan. 13, 2022

Our highly seasonal world restricts insect activity to brief portions of the year. This feature necessitates a sophisticated interpretation changes and enactment mechanisms for bringing development halt then reinitiating it when inimical season is past. The dormant state diapause serves bridge unfavourable seasons, its timing provides powerful mechanism synchronizing development. book explores how signals are monitored used by insects enact specific molecular pathways that generate phenotype. broad perspective offered here scales from ecological thus comprehensive view this exciting vibrant research field, offering insights on topics ranging pest management, evolution, speciation, climate change disease transmission, human health, as well analogies with other forms invertebrate dormancy mammalian hibernation.

Language: Английский

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The chromosome-scale genome assembly for the West Nile vector Culex quinquefasciatus uncovers patterns of genome evolution in mosquitoes

BMC Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Jan. 25, 2024

Abstract Background Understanding genome organization and evolution is important for species involved in transmission of human diseases, such as mosquitoes. Anophelinae Culicinae subfamilies mosquitoes show striking differences sizes, sex chromosome arrangements, behavior, ability to transmit pathogens. However, the genomic basis these not fully understood. Methods In this study, we used a combination advanced technologies Oxford Nanopore Technology sequencing, Hi-C scaffolding, Bionano, cytogenetic mapping develop an improved chromosome-scale assembly West Nile vector Culex quinquefasciatus . Results We then annotate odorant receptors, binding proteins, transposable elements. A region containing male-specific sequences on 1 polymorphic inversion 3 were identified Cx. genome. addition, was compared with genomes other malaria vectors An. coluzzi albimanus , arboviruses Ae. aegypti Our work confirms significant expansion two chemosensory gene families well increase relocation elements both relative Anophelines. Phylogenetic analysis clarifies divergence time between mosquito species. study provides new insights into chromosomal finds that X sex-determining have significantly higher rate than autosomes. Conclusion The uncovered details has potential speed up development novel control strategies.

Language: Английский

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Population‐specific responses to developmental temperature in the arboviral vector Aedes albopictus: Implications for climate change

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract The increase of environmental temperature due to current global warming is not only favouring the expansion distribution range many insect species, but it also changing their phenology. Insect phenology tightly linked developmental timing, which regulated by temperatures. However, degree effects temperatures extend across stages and inter‐stage relationships have been thoroughly quantified in mosquitoes. Here, we used mosquito Aedes albopictus , an aggressive invasive species arboviral vector, study how influences fitness stages, thermal traits, energy reserves, transcriptome Wolbachia prevalence laboratory‐reared populations originally collected from either temperate or tropical regions. We show that hatchability, larval pupal viability speed are strongly influenced temperature, these wing length, body mass, longevity content water, protein lipids adults a population‐specific manner. On contrary, neither adult preference nor heat resistance significantly change with temperature. density was generally lower mosquitoes reared at 18°C than other tested temperatures, analysis showed enrichment for functions stress responses (i.e. cuticle proteins chitin, cytochrome p450 shock proteins) both 18 32°C. Our data overall reduced vector performance when were 32°C, absence isomorphy relationship between laboratory population deriving larvae northern Italy. Altogether, results important implications reliable model projections invasion potentials Ae. its epidemiological impact.

Language: Английский

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On the tracks of an uninvited guest, the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus in Cyprus

Parasites & Vectors, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Abstract Background Aedes albopictus , the Asian tiger mosquito, which is listed among world's 100 most dangerous invasive species, main vector of chikungunya, dengue and Zika viruses. This mosquito species has rapidly dispersed invaded much globe assisted by its life history traits high propagule pressure driven human activities. currently widespread across mainland Europe Mediterranean region, including islands. Cyprus remained free Ae. until October 2022, when specimens were recorded for first time in Limassol district, port area. Understanding processes associated with introduction, expansion establishment this primary importance to mitigate dispersal on island, implement control methods prevent disease outbreaks. A genetic analysis these collected district areas from Central was performed obtain a portrait demographic mosquitoes Cyprus. Methods We applied highly polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers Italy, France, Switzerland, Balkans, Greece Turkey construct an SSR individual genotype dataset that would enable invasion pattern be traced. Bayesian clustering analyses using STRUCTURE BayesAss version 3 employed derive information degree ancestry Cypriot recent movements both within between areas. Results The appear no signs drift due founder effects. An ongoing detected, suggesting presence established, hidden adventive populations. These share those Balkans parts northern Italy border Adriatic Sea. Conclusions Considering trade connections port, Italian we hypothesise may involved incursion into As Balkan display competence CHIKV, questions arise about possible arbovirus outbreaks highlight need surveillance measures. Graphical

Language: Английский

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Thermal biology of invasive Aedes mosquitoes in the context of climate change

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 51, P. 100920 - 100920

Published: April 12, 2022

The increasing incidence of arboviral diseases in tropical endemic areas and their emergence new temperate countries is one the most important challenges that Public Health agencies are currently facing. Because mosquitoes poikilotherms, shifts temperature influence physiological functions besides egg viability. These traits impact not only vector density, but also interaction with hosts arboviruses. As such relationship among mosquitoes, complex. Here, we summarize current knowledge on thermal biology Aedes invasive highlighting differences species. We emphasize need to expand variability sensitivity across populations within a species, especially light climate change encompasses increase mean environmental frequency hot cold snaps. Finally, suggest novel experimental approach investigate molecular architecture adaptation mosquitoes.

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary adaptation under climate change: Aedes sp. demonstrates potential to adapt to warming

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 122(2)

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Climate warming is expected to shift the distributions of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases, promoting expansions at cool range edges contractions warm edges. However, whether mosquito populations could maintain their through evolutionary adaptation remains unknown. Here, we investigate potential for thermal in Aedes sierrensis , a congener major disease vector species that experiences large gradients its native range, by assaying tolerance prolonged acute heat exposure, genetic basis diverse, field-derived population. We found pervasive evidence heritable variation tolerance, phenotypic trade-offs versus exposure. Further, genomic associated with was clustered several regions genome, suggesting presence larger structural variants such as chromosomal inversions. A simple model based on our data estimates maximum rate will exceed projected climate warming, implying track via adaptation.

Language: Английский

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Manual versus automatic annotation of transposable elements: case studies in Drosophila melanogaster and Aedes albopictus, balancing accuracy and biological relevance

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 12, 2025

Abstract Transposable elements (TEs) play a pivotal role in genome evolution, yet their detection and annotation remain challenging due to the limitations of current methods. Manual curation is considered gold standard for generating TE libraries, particularly TE-focused studies, although it requires extensive training time. With rapid increase number assembly publications growing need large-scale comparative analyses, automated software has become indispensable. This study compares manual approaches annotation, focusing on two species: Drosophila melanogaster Aedes albopictus . In D. , species with well-annotated repertoire smaller genome, differences between (MCTE) (ATTE) are relatively minor. However, significant arise when analysing Ae. large high diversity. While methods identified greater TEs, including many fragmented elements, provided more detailed classifications and, average, larger consensi. Automated pipelines offer viable alternative genome-wide analyses such as content estimation, time resources limited. caution advised interpreting results, finer details dynamics may be overlooked. highlights that choice method depends intended analysis. suitable population genomics studies recent transposable element activity, whereas appropriate or projects. Both have strengths limitations, understanding specific features repeatome under essential selecting approach.

Language: Английский

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Improving mosquito control strategies with population genomics

Trends in Parasitology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 37(10), P. 907 - 921

Published: May 29, 2021

Language: Английский

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Maternally Instigated Diapause in Aedes albopictus: Coordinating Experience and Internal State for Survival in Variable Environments

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 25, 2022

The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus , is one of the most dangerous invasive species in world. Females bite mammalian hosts, including humans, to obtain blood for egg development. ancestral range Ae. likely spanned from India Japan and this has since invaded a substantial portion globe. can be broadly categorized into temperate tropical populations. One key their ability invade diverse ecological spaces capacity females detect seasonal changes produce stress-resistant eggs that survive harsh winters. living regions respond cues predict onset unfavorable environmental conditions by producing enter maternally instigated embryonic diapause, developmentally arrested state, which allows survival protecting embryos until favorable return. To appropriately diapause eggs, female must integrate internal physiological state (blood feeding reproductive status) allocate nutrients regulate reproduction. There variation responses between interfertile populations depending on whether are actively vs. non-diapause they originate capable diapause. Although diapause-inducing have been extensively characterized, little known about how detects gradual coordinates her status with dynamics lay order maximize offspring survival. Previous studies suggest circadian system involved detecting daylength as critical cue. However, it unknown clock network components important, these connect physiology, may differ behavioral states or across variable competence. In review, we showcase an emerging neurogenetics study nervous combines optimize behavior. We review induction, downstream pathways control metabolic capacity, well heterogeneity different evolutionary histories. highlight genetic tools implemented identify signaling molecules cellular circuits discoveries made could translate broader understanding interpreted alter physiology other similar circuit organizations diversify patterns. These approaches yield new targets interfere mosquito exploited reduce burden pathogens transmit.

Language: Английский

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Phenotypic variation in biting behavior associated with differences in expression of olfactory genes in the vector mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Journal of Medical Entomology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 61(2), P. 367 - 376

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

Abstract We evaluated miRNA and mRNA expression differences in head tissues between avid-biting vs. reluctant-biting Aedes albopictus (Skuse) females from a single population over 20-min timescale. found no avid reluctant biters, indicating that translational modulation of blood-feeding behavior occurs on longer timescale than transcription. In contrast, we detected 19 differentially expressed mRNAs. Of the genes at level A. albopictus, 9 are implicated olfaction, consistent with well-documented role olfaction mosquito host-seeking. Additionally, several identified as association phenotypic variation biting share similar functions or inferred orthologues of, associated evolutionary behaviors Wyeomyia smithii (Coq.) Culex pipiens (Lin.). A future goal is to determine whether these involved transition non-biting life history.

Language: Английский

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