Recent Progress in the Study of Taste Characteristics and the Nutrition and Health Properties of Organic Acids in Foods

Foods, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(21), P. 3408 - 3408

Published: Oct. 28, 2022

Organic acids could improve the food flavor, maintain nutritional value, and extend shelf life of food. This review summarizes detection methods concentrations organic in different foods, as well their taste characteristics properties. The composition varies Fruits vegetables often contain citric acid, creatine is a unique acid found meat, fermented foods have high content acetic seasonings wide range acids. Determination contents among matrices allows us to monitor sensory properties, origin identification, quality control further provides basis for formulation design. perception mechanisms made some progress, binary interaction key method decode multiple perception. Real solution models elucidated that has an asymmetric effect on other four basic attributes. In addition, terms nutrition health, can provide energy metabolism regulation protect human immune myocardial systems. Moreover, it also exhibited bacterial inhibition by disrupting internal balance bacteria inhibiting enzyme activity. It great significance clarify synergistic dose-effect relationship between sensations promote application salt reduction.

Language: Английский

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The proton channel OTOP1 is a sensor for the taste of ammonium chloride

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Oct. 5, 2023

Abstract Ammonium (NH 4 + ), a breakdown product of amino acids that can be toxic at high levels, is detected by taste systems organisms ranging from C. elegans to humans and has been used for decades in vertebrate research. Here we report OTOP1, proton-selective ion channel expressed sour (Type III) receptor cells (TRCs), functions as sensor ammonium chloride Cl). Extracellular NH Cl evoked large dose-dependent inward currents HEK-293 expressing murine OTOP1 (mOTOP1), human other species variants correlated with its ability alkalinize the cell cytosol. Mutation conserved intracellular arginine residue (R292) mOTOP1 tm 6-tm 7 linker specifically decreased responses relative acid stimuli. Taste measured isolated Type III TRCs, or gustatory nerves were strongly attenuated eliminated an Otop1 −/− mouse strain. Behavioral aversion mice Cl, reduced Skn-1a lacking II was entirely abolished double knockout . These data together reveal unexpected role proton mediating major component previously undescribed activation mechanism.

Language: Английский

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Molecular sensors in the taste system of Drosophila

Genes & Genomics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 45(6), P. 693 - 707

Published: Feb. 24, 2023

Language: Английский

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Meeting a threat of the Anthropocene: Taste avoidance of metal ions by Drosophila

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(25)

Published: June 14, 2022

The Anthropocene Epoch poses a critical challenge for organisms: they must cope with new threats at rapid rate. These include toxic chemical compounds released into the environment by human activities. Here, we examine elevated concentrations of heavy metal ions as an example anthropogenic stressors. We find that fruit fly Drosophila avoids nine when present flies experienced rarely, if ever, until Anthropocene. characterize avoidance feeding and egg laying on ions, identify receptors, neurons, taste organs contribute to this avoidance. Different subsets including members both Ir (Ionotropic receptor) Gr (Gustatory families different ions. activate certain bitter-sensing neurons inhibit sugar-sensing neurons. Some behavioral responses are mediated largely through pharynx. Feeding remains stable over 10 generations exposure copper zinc conserved across diverse dipteran species, mosquito Aedes albopictus . Our results suggest mechanisms may be essential insects face challenges from environmental changes in

Language: Английский

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Vertebrate OTOP1 is also an alkali-activated channel

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2023

Although alkaline sensation is critical for survival, alkali-activated receptors are yet to be identified in vertebrates. Here, we showed that the OTOP1 channel can directly activated by extracellular alkali. Notably, biphasically mediated proton influx and efflux with acid base stimulation, respectively. Mutations of K221 R554 at S5-S6 S11-S12 linkers significantly reduced alkali affinity without affecting activation, suggesting different domains responsible acid- alkali-activation OTOP1. The selectivity H+ was higher than acid, further two activations might independent gating processes. Given required key residues were conserved six representative vertebrates, cautiously propose participates Thus, our study as an channel.

Language: Английский

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Molecular Basis of Hexanoic Acid Taste in Drosophila melanogaster

Molecules and Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 46(7), P. 451 - 460

Published: May 19, 2023

Animals generally prefer nutrients and avoid toxic harmful chemicals.Recent behavioral physiological studies have identified that sweet-sensing gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) in Drosophila melanogaster mediate appetitive behaviors toward fatty acids.Sweet-sensing GRN activation requires the function of ionotropic receptors IR25a, IR56d, IR76b, as well GR64e.However, we reveal hexanoic acid (HA) is rather than nutritious to D. melanogaster.HA one major components fruit Morinda citrifolia (noni).Thus, analyzed responses noni acids, HA, via electrophysiology proboscis extension response (PER) assay.Electrophysiological tests show this reminiscent arginine-mediated neuronal responses.Here, determined a low concentration HA induced attraction, which was mediated by GRNs, high aversion, bitter-sensing GRNs.We also demonstrated elicits attraction mainly GR64d IR56d expressed but activates three (GR32a, GR33a, GR66a) GRNs.The mechanism sensing biphasic dose dependent manner.Furthermore, inhibit sugar-mediated like other bitter compounds.Taken together, discovered binary HA-sensing may be evolutionarily meaningful foraging niche insects.

Language: Английский

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Selective integration of diverse taste inputs within a single taste modality

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 24, 2023

A fundamental question in sensory processing is how different channels of input are processed to regulate behavior. Different may converge onto common downstream pathways drive the same behaviors, or they activate separate distinct behaviors. We investigated this Drosophila bitter taste system, which contains diverse bitter-sensing cells residing organs. First, we optogenetically activated subsets neurons within each organ. These elicited broad and highly overlapping behavioral effects, suggesting that pathways, but also observed differences argue for biased convergence. Consistent with these results, transsynaptic tracing revealed organs connect connectivity. one type neuron projects higher brain. integrate from multiple specific taste-related then traced circuits, providing first glimpse into Together, results reveal inputs selectively integrated early circuit, enabling pooling information, while circuit diverges have roles.

Language: Английский

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Avoiding alkaline taste through ionotropic receptors

iScience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(6), P. 110087 - 110087

Published: May 23, 2024

Taste organs contain distinct gustatory receptors that help organisms differentiate between nourishing and potentially harmful foods. The detection of high pH levels plays a crucial role in food selection, but the specific responsible for perceiving elevated foods have remained unknown. By using

Language: Английский

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The evolution of sour taste

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 289(1968)

Published: Feb. 9, 2022

The evolutionary history of sour taste has been little studied. Through a combination literature review and trait mapping on the vertebrate phylogenetic tree, we consider origin taste, potential cases loss those factors that might have favoured changes in valence taste-from aversive to appealing. We reconstruct as having evolved ancient fish. By contrast other tastes, does not appear lost any major taxa. For most species, is aversive. Animals, including humans, enjoy triggered by acidic foods are exceptional. conclude considering why evolved, it persisted vertebrates made transition land what preference for sour-tasting, foods, particularly hominins, such humans.

Language: Английский

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Structural motifs for subtype-specific pH-sensitive gating of vertebrate otopetrin proton channels

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Aug. 3, 2022

Otopetrin (OTOP) channels are proton-selective ion conserved among vertebrates and invertebrates, with no structural similarity to other channels. There three vertebrate OTOP (OTOP1, OTOP2, OTOP3), of which one (OTOP1) functions as a sour taste receptor. Whether extracellular protons gate channels, in addition permeating them, was not known. Here, we compare the functional properties murine using patch-clamp recording cytosolic pH microfluorimetry. We find that OTOP1 OTOP3 both steeply activated by protons, thresholds pHo <6.0 5.5, respectively, kinetics pH-dependent. In contrast, OTOP2 broadly active over large range (pH 5 10) carry outward currents response alkalinization (>pH 9.0). Strikingly, could change pH-sensitive gating swapping linkers connect transmembrane domains. Swaps N domain, comprising domains 1-6, tended relative conductance at alkaline chimeric while swaps within C containing 7-12, rates current activation. conclude members channel family proton-gated (acid-sensitive) proton apparatus is distributed across multiple regions system, expressed vestibular digestive systems. The distinct describe may allow them subserve varying cell-type specific these biological

Language: Английский

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