Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
58(11), P. 4914 - 4925
Published: March 4, 2024
Particulate
matter,
especially
PM2.5,
can
invade
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
via
olfactory
pathway
to
induce
neurotoxicity.
The
bulb
(OB)
is
key
component
integrating
immunoprotection
and
olfaction
processing
necessarily
involved
in
relevant
CNS
health
outcomes.
Here
we
show
that
a
microglial
chemokine
receptor,
CCR5,
target
of
environmentally
PM2.5
OB
trigger
neuroinflammation
then
neuropathological
injuries.
Mechanistically,
PM2.5-induced
CCR5
upregulation
results
pro-inflammatory
paradigm
activation,
which
subsequently
activates
TLR4-NF-κB
signaling
induces
changes
are
closely
related
neurodegenerative
disorders
(e.g.,
Aβ
deposition
disruption
blood–brain
barrier).
We
specifically
highlight
manganese
lead
main
contributors
CCR5-mediated
activation
synergy
with
aluminum.
Our
uncover
possible
identify
principal
neurotoxic
components,
provide
new
insight
into
efficiently
diminishing
adverse
effects
PM2.5.
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(10), P. 1256 - 1256
Published: Oct. 17, 2024
Environmental
pollution
continues
to
increase
with
industrial
development
and
has
become
a
threat
human
health.
Atmospheric
particulate
matter
(PM)
was
designated
as
Group
1
carcinogen
by
the
International
Agency
for
Research
on
Cancer
in
2013
is
an
emerging
global
environmental
risk
factor
that
major
cause
of
death
related
cardiovascular
respiratory
diseases.
PM
complex
composed
highly
reactive
organic
matter,
chemicals,
metal
components,
which
mainly
excessive
production
oxygen
species
(ROS)
can
lead
DNA
cell
damage,
endoplasmic
reticulum
stress,
inflammatory
responses,
atherosclerosis,
airway
remodeling,
contributing
increased
susceptibility
exacerbation
various
diseases
infections.
effects
health
depending
particle
size,
physical
chemical
characteristics,
source,
exposure
period.
smaller
than
5
μm
penetrate
accumulate
alveoli
circulatory
system,
causing
harmful
skin,
brain.
In
this
review,
we
describe
relationship
mechanism
ROS-mediated
oxidative
responses
caused
organs,
well
comprehensively
discuss
harmfulness
PM.
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
291, P. 117897 - 117897
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
Evidence
of
the
potential
causal
effect
PM2.5
and
its
constituents
on
all-cause
mortality
based
large
population
cohort
is
still
limited.
Based
a
scale
341,098
participants
in
southern
China,
we
developed
marginal
structure
Cox
model
inverse
probability
weighting,
an
established
inference
approach,
to
evaluate
associations
between
mortality,
taking
into
account
time-varying
covariates.
Additionally,
further
explored
modifying
effects
demographic
lifestyle
characteristics
these
associations.
For
each
IQR
increase
black
carbon
organic
matter,
risk
increased
by
51
%
(95
CI:
40-62
%)
52
40-58
%),
followed
ammonium,
nitrate
sulfate
(HR
=
1.32,
1.38
1.39,
respectively).
Individuals
<
65
years,
unmarried,
urban
medical
insured,
not
consuming
alcohol,
or
exercising
were
potentially
more
susceptible
adverse
for
most
(P
interaction
0.10).
The
HR
estimates
subgroups
ranged
from
1.51
2.10
carbon,
1.40-1.71
nitrate,
1.42-1.53
sulfate,
1.52-1.77
matter.
Various
sensitivity
analyses
verified
robustness
our
findings.
This
study
presented
compelling
evidence
links
mortality.
Environmental Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
222, P. 115425 - 115425
Published: Feb. 3, 2023
Based
on
epidemiologic
and
laboratory
studies,
exposure
to
air
pollutants
has
been
linked
many
adverse
health
effects
including
a
higher
risk
of
dementia.
In
this
study,
we
aimed
evaluate
the
effect
long-term
outdoor
pollution
conversion
dementia
in
cohort
subjects
with
mild
cognitive
impairment
(MCI).We
recruited
53
Italian
newly-diagnosed
MCI.
Within
geographical
information
system,
assessed
recent
pollutant
exposure,
by
modeling
levels
particulate
matter
equivalent
aerodynamic
diameter
≤10
μm
(PM10)
from
motorized
traffic
at
participants'
residence.
We
investigated
relation
PM10
concentrations
subsequent
MCI
any
type
Using
Cox-proportional
hazards
model
combined
restricted
cubic
spline
model,
computed
hazard
ratio
(HR)
its
95%
confidence
interval
(CI)
according
increasing
adjusting
for
sex,
age,
educational
attainment.During
median
follow
up
47.3
months,
34
participants
developed
dementia,
26
cases
diagnosed
as
Alzheimer's
non-linear
regression
analysis,
mean
maximum
annual
positively
correlated
cerebrospinal
fluid
total
phosphorylated
tau
proteins
concentrations,
while
they
were
inversely
associated
β-amyloid.
Concerning
found
positive
association
starting
above
10
μg/m3
35
levels.
Specific
estimates
substantially
similar.
Adding
other
potential
confounders
multivariable
or
removing
early
onset
during
follow-up
had
little
estimates.Our
findings
suggest
that
pollutants,
particular,
may
non-linearly
increase
certain
ambient
concentration.
Annals of Neurology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
96(4), P. 633 - 649
Published: Aug. 17, 2024
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
a
devastating,
age‐associated
neurodegenerative
disorder
and
the
most
common
cause
of
dementia.
The
clinical
continuum
AD
spans
from
preclinical
to
subjective
cognitive
decline,
mild
impairment,
dementia
stages
(mild,
moderate,
severe).
Neuropathologically,
defined
by
accumulation
amyloid
β
(Aβ)
into
extracellular
plaques
in
brain
parenchyma
cerebral
vasculature,
abnormally
phosphorylated
tau
that
accumulates
intraneuronally
forming
neurofibrillary
tangles
(NFTs).
Development
treatment
approaches
prevent
or
even
reduce
decline
because
has
been
slow
compared
other
major
causes
death.
Recently,
United
States
Food
Drug
Administration
gave
full
approval
2
different
Aβ‐targeting
monoclonal
antibodies.
However,
this
breakthrough
modifying
approach
only
applies
limited
subset
patients
there
are
stringent
eligibility
criteria.
Furthermore,
these
do
not
progression
disease,
AD‐related
pathologies,
such
as
NFTs,
directly
targeted.
A
non‐mutually
exclusive
alternative
address
lifestyle
interventions
can
help
risk
dementias
(ADRD).
It
estimated
addressing
modifiable
factors
could
potentially
delay
up
40%
AD/ADRD
cases.
In
review,
we
discuss
some
many
may
be
associated
with
prevention
and/or
increasing
resilience,
well
interact
influence
progression.
[Color
figure
viewed
at
www.annalsofneurology.org
]
ANN
NEUROL
2024;96:633–649
JAMA Neurology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
82(1), P. 40 - 40
Published: Nov. 25, 2024
Importance
Long-term
exposure
to
total
fine
particulate
matter
(PM
2.5
)
is
a
recognized
dementia
risk
factor,
but
less
known
about
wildfire-generated
PM
,
an
increasingly
common
source.
Objective
To
assess
the
association
between
long-term
wildfire
and
nonwildfire
of
incident
dementia.
Design,
Setting,
Participants
This
open
cohort
study
was
conducted
using
January
2008
December
2019
electronic
health
record
(EHR)
data
among
members
Kaiser
Permanente
Southern
California
(KPSC),
which
serves
4.7
million
people
across
10
counties.
KPSC
aged
60
years
or
older
were
eligible
for
inclusion.
Members
excluded
if
they
did
not
meet
eligibility
criteria,
had
diagnosis
before
entry,
EHR
lacked
address
information.
Data
analysis
from
May
2023
2024.
Exposures
Three-year
rolling
mean
in
member
census
tracts
2006
2019,
updated
quarterly
estimated
via
monitoring
remote-sensing
statistical
techniques.
Main
Outcome
Measures
The
primary
outcome
dementia,
identified
diagnostic
codes
EHR.
Odds
diagnoses
associated
with
3-year
discrete-time
approach
pooled
logistic
regression.
Models
adjusted
age,
sex,
race
ethnicity
(considered
as
social
construct
rather
than
biological
determinant),
marital
status,
smoking
calendar
year,
tract–level
poverty
population
density.
Stratified
models
assessed
effect
measure
modification
by
ethnicity,
poverty.
Results
Among
1.64
during
period,
1
223
107
inclusion
this
study.
consisted
644
766
female
(53.0%).
In
total,
319
521
Hispanic
(26.0%),
601
334
non-Hispanic
White
(49.0%),
80
993
received
follow-up
(6.6%).
models,
1-μg/m
3
increase
18%
odds
(odds
ratio
[OR],
1.18;
95%
CI,
1.03-1.34).
comparison,
1%
(OR,
1.01;
1.01-1.02).
For
exposure,
associations
stronger
75
old
upon
racially
minoritized
subgroups,
those
living
high-poverty
vs
low-poverty
tracts.
Conclusions
Relevance
study,
after
adjusting
measured
confounders,
over
period
diagnoses.
As
climate
changes,
interventions
focused
on
reducing
may
reduce
related
inequities.
