AMPK signaling in diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and diabetic complications: A pre-clinical and clinical investigation

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 146, P. 112563 - 112563

Published: Dec. 29, 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered as a main challenge in both developing and developed countries, lifestyle has changed its management seems to be vital. Type I type II diabetes are the kinds they result hyperglycemia patients related complications. The gene expression alteration can lead development of DM AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) an energy sensor with aberrant various diseases including cancer, cardiovascular DM. present review focuses on understanding AMPK role Inducing signaling promotes glucose that importance for ameliorating hyperglycemia. Further investigation reveals enhancing insulin sensitivity treatment diabetic patients. Furthermore, upregulation inhibits stress cell death β cells preventing development. clinical studies have shown improving complications such brain disorders. improve neuropathy, nephropathy, liver reproductive alterations occurring during For exerting protective impacts, interacts other molecular pathways PGC-1α, PI3K/Akt, NOX4 NF-κB among others. Therefore, providing therapeutics based targeting beneficial amelioration

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the mechanisms and challenges of cancer drug resistance

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Feb. 12, 2024

Abstract Cancer treatment faces many hurdles and resistance is one among them. Anti-cancer strategies are evolving due to innate acquired capacity, governed by genetic, epigenetic, proteomic, metabolic, or microenvironmental cues that ultimately enable selected cancer cells survive progress under unfavorable conditions. Although the mechanism of drug being widely studied generate new target-based drugs with better potency than existing ones. However, broader flexibility in resistance, advanced therapeutic options efficacy need be explored. Combination therapy an alternative a success rate though risk amplified side effects commonplace. Moreover, recent groundbreaking precision immune ways overcome has revolutionized anticancer greater extent only limitation individual-specific needs further attention. This review will focus on challenges opted withstand current therapies at molecular level also highlights emerging -like immunological, stem cell-based may prove have potential challenge problem resistance.

Language: Английский

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Understanding the cell survival mechanism of anoikis-resistant cancer cells during different steps of metastasis

Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 39(5), P. 715 - 726

Published: July 13, 2022

Language: Английский

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Cancer metastasis: Molecular mechanisms and clinical perspectives

Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 250, P. 108522 - 108522

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Immunological dimensions of neuroinflammation and microglial activation: exploring innovative immunomodulatory approaches to mitigate neuroinflammatory progression

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

The increasing life expectancy has led to a higher incidence of age-related neurodegenerative conditions. Within this framework, neuroinflammation emerges as significant contributing factor. It involves the activation microglia and astrocytes, leading release pro-inflammatory cytokines chemokines infiltration peripheral leukocytes into central nervous system (CNS). These instances result in neuronal damage neurodegeneration through activated nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing (NLR) family pyrin protein 3 (NLRP3) nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) pathways decreased erythroid 2-related 2 (Nrf2) activity. Due limited effectiveness regarding inhibition neuroinflammatory targets using conventional drugs, there is challenging growth search for innovative therapies alleviating CNS diseases or even before their onset. Our results indicate that interventions focusing on Interleukin-Driven Immunomodulation, Chemokine (CXC) Receptor Signaling Expression, Cold Exposure, Fibrin-Targeted strategies significantly promise mitigate processes. approaches demonstrate potential anti-neuroinflammatory effects, addressing conditions such Multiple Sclerosis, Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Parkinson’s Disease, Alzheimer’s Disease. While findings are promising, immunomodulatory often face limitations due Immune-Related Adverse Events. Therefore, conduction randomized clinical trials matter mandatory, will pave way promising future development new medicines with specific therapeutic targets.

Language: Английский

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The Multiple Roles of Autophagy in Neural Function and Diseases

Neuroscience Bulletin, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 40(3), P. 363 - 382

Published: Oct. 19, 2023

Abstract Autophagy involves the sequestration and delivery of cytoplasmic materials to lysosomes, where proteins, lipids, organelles are degraded recycled. According way components engulfed, autophagy can be divided into macroautophagy, microautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy. Recently, many studies have found that plays an important role in neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's Huntington's neuronal excitotoxicity, cerebral ischemia. maintains cell homeostasis nervous system via degradation misfolded elimination damaged organelles, regulation apoptosis inflammation. AMPK-mTOR, Beclin 1, TP53 , endoplasmic reticulum stress, other signal pathways involved used as potential therapeutic targets for diseases. Here, we discuss role, functions, which will shed light on pathogenic mechanisms diseases suggest novel therapies.

Language: Английский

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Crocetin: A Systematic Review

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 14, 2022

Crocetin is an aglycone of crocin naturally occurring in saffron and produced biological systems by hydrolysis as a bioactive metabolite. It known to exist several medicinal plants, the desiccative ripe fruit cape jasmine belonging Rubiaceae family, stigmas plant Iridaceae family. According modern pharmacological investigations, crocetin possesses cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antidepressant, antiviral, anticancer, atherosclerotic, antidiabetic, memory-enhancing properties. Although poor bioavailability hinders therapeutic applications, derivatization formulation preparation technologies have broadened application prospects for crocetin. To promote research development crocetin, we summarized distribution, production, total synthesis technology, activity, pharmacokinetics, drug safety, formulations,

Language: Английский

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The neuroprotective effects of intermittent fasting on brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases via regulating mitochondrial function

Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 182, P. 206 - 218

Published: Feb. 24, 2022

Language: Английский

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Carotenoids in Drug Discovery and Medicine: Pathways and Molecular Targets Implicated in Human Diseases

Molecules, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(18), P. 6005 - 6005

Published: Sept. 15, 2022

Carotenoids are isoprenoid-derived natural products produced in plants, algae, fungi, and photosynthetic bacteria. Most animals cannot synthesize carotenoids because the biosynthetic machinery to create de novo is absent animals, except arthropods. biosynthesized from two C20 geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) molecules made isopentenyl (IPP) dimethylallyl (DMAPP) via methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) route. can be extracted by a variety of methods, including maceration, Soxhlet extraction, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), microwave-assisted (MAE), accelerated solvent (ASE), ultrasound-assisted (UAE), pulsed electric field (PEF)-assisted enzyme-assisted (EAE). have been reported exert various biochemical actions, inhibition Akt/mTOR, Bcl-2, SAPK/JNK, JAK/STAT, MAPK, Nrf2/Keap1, NF-κB signaling pathways ability increase cholesterol efflux HDL. absorbed intestine. A handful carotenoid-based compounds clinical trials, while some currently used as medicines. The application metabolic engineering techniques for carotenoid production, whole-genome sequencing, use plants cell factories produce specialty presents promising future research. In this review, we discussed biosynthesis carotenoids, roles human health, metabolism source drugs supplements.

Language: Английский

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Hederagenin improves Alzheimer's disease through PPARα/TFEB-mediated autophagy

Phytomedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 112, P. 154711 - 154711

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

Language: Английский

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