Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
4(1)
Published: Aug. 23, 2019
Abstract
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
is
a
neurodegenerative
characterized
by
progressive
memory
loss
along
with
neuropsychiatric
symptoms
and
decline
in
activities
of
daily
life.
Its
main
pathological
features
are
cerebral
atrophy,
amyloid
plaques,
neurofibrillary
tangles
the
brains
patients.
There
various
descriptive
hypotheses
regarding
causes
AD,
including
cholinergic
hypothesis,
tau
propagation
mitochondrial
cascade
calcium
homeostasis
neurovascular
inflammatory
metal
ion
lymphatic
system
hypothesis.
However,
ultimate
etiology
AD
remains
obscure.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
related
clinical
trials.
Wealthy
puzzles
lessons
have
made
it
possible
to
develop
explanatory
theories
identify
potential
strategies
for
therapeutic
interventions
AD.
The
combination
hypometabolism
autophagy
deficiency
likely
be
causative
factor
We
further
propose
that
fluoxetine,
selective
serotonin
reuptake
inhibitor,
has
treat
Physiological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
99(1), P. 21 - 78
Published: Oct. 3, 2018
The
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
prevents
neurotoxic
plasma
components,
blood
cells,
and
pathogens
from
entering
the
brain.
At
same
time,
BBB
regulates
transport
of
molecules
into
out
central
nervous
system
(CNS),
which
maintains
tightly
controlled
chemical
composition
neuronal
milieu
that
is
required
for
proper
functioning.
In
this
review,
we
first
examine
molecular
cellular
mechanisms
underlying
establishment
BBB.
Then,
focus
on
physiology,
endothelial
pericyte
transporters,
perivascular
paravascular
transport.
Next,
discuss
rare
human
monogenic
neurological
disorders
with
primary
genetic
defect
in
BBB-associated
cells
demonstrating
link
between
breakdown
neurodegeneration.
review
effects
genes
inheritance
and/or
increased
susceptibility
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD),
Parkinson's
(PD),
Huntington's
disease,
amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis
(ALS)
relation
to
other
pathologies
deficits.
We
next
how
dysfunction
relates
deficits
majority
sporadic
AD,
PD,
ALS
cases,
multiple
sclerosis,
neurodegenerative
disorders,
acute
CNS
such
as
stroke,
traumatic
brain
injury,
spinal
cord
epilepsy.
Lastly,
BBB-based
therapeutic
opportunities.
conclude
lessons
learned
future
directions,
emphasis
technological
advances
investigate
functions
living
brain,
at
level,
address
key
unanswered
questions.
Physiological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
98(1), P. 239 - 389
Published: Dec. 24, 2017
Astrocytes
are
neural
cells
of
ectodermal,
neuroepithelial
origin
that
provide
for
homeostasis
and
defense
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
highly
heterogeneous
in
morphological
appearance;
they
express
a
multitude
receptors,
channels,
membrane
transporters.
This
complement
underlies
their
remarkable
adaptive
plasticity
defines
functional
maintenance
CNS
development
aging.
tightly
integrated
into
networks
act
within
context
tissue;
astrocytes
control
at
all
levels
organization
from
molecular
to
whole
organ.
Cancer Discovery,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
11(4), P. 933 - 959
Published: April 1, 2021
Abstract
Strategies
to
therapeutically
target
the
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
have
emerged
as
a
promising
approach
for
cancer
treatment
in
recent
years
due
critical
roles
of
TME
regulating
progression
and
modulating
response
standard-of-care
therapies.
Here,
we
summarize
current
knowledge
regarding
most
advanced
TME-directed
therapies,
which
either
been
clinically
approved
or
are
currently
being
evaluated
trials,
including
immunotherapies,
antiangiogenic
drugs,
treatments
directed
against
cancer-associated
fibroblasts
extracellular
matrix.
We
also
discuss
some
challenges
associated
with
future
perspectives
this
evolving
field.
Significance:
This
review
provides
comprehensive
analysis
therapies
targeting
TME,
combining
discussion
underlying
basic
biology
clinical
evaluation
different
therapeutic
approaches,
highlighting
perspectives.
